Product Details

Purity

>98% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Endotoxin

Less than 1.0 EU/μg as determined by LAL method.

Activity

Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The ED50 as determined by a cell proliferation assay using human N1186 T cells is less than 25 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of >4.0x10⁴ IU/mg.

Target Names

Il21

Uniprot No.

Q9ES17

Research Area

Immunology

Alternative Names

Il21Interleukin-21; IL-21

Species

Mus musculus (Mouse)

Source

E.coli

Expression Region

18-146aa

Complete Sequence

HKSSPQGPDR LLIRLRHLID IVEQLKIYEN DLDPELLSAP QDVKGHCEHA AFACFQKAKL KPSNPGNNKT FIIDLVAQLR RRLPARRGGK KQKHIAKCPS CDSYEKRTPK EFLERLKWLL QKMIHQHLS

Mol. Weight

15.0 kDa

Protein Length

Full Length of Mature Protein

Tag Info

Tag-Free

Form

Lyophilized powder

Buffer

Lyophilized from a 0.2 m filtered 2 × PBS, pH 7.4

Reconstitution

We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.

Troubleshooting and FAQs

Protein FAQs

Storage Condition

Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shelf Life

The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.

Lead Time

5-10 business days

Notes

Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Datasheet & COA

Please contact us to get it.

Target Background

Function

Cytokine with immunoregulatory activity. May promote the transition between innate and adaptive immunity. Induces the production of IgG(1) and IgG(3) in B-cells. Implicated in the generation and maintenance of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and the formation of germinal-centers. Together with IL6, control the early generation of Tfh cells and are critical for an effective antibody response to acute viral infection. May play a role in proliferation and maturation of natural killer (NK) cells in synergy with IL15. May regulate proliferation of mature B- and T-cells in response to activating stimuli. In synergy with IL15 and IL18 stimulates interferon gamma production in T-cells and NK cells. During T-cell mediated immune response may inhibit dendritic cells (DC) activation and maturation.

Gene References into Functions

Injection of IL-21-expressing or IL-33-expressing plasmids facilitates clearance of pre-established genotype B strain designated BPS (BPS) persistence and protects cured mice from BPS re-challenge. PMID: 29242561
this study shows that IL4 and IL21 cooperate to induce the high Bcl6 protein level required for germinal center formation PMID: 28875978
This finding warrants future development of IL-21 and IL-7 co-expressing whole-cell cancer vaccines and their relevant combinatorial regimens. PMID: 27571893
The studies link IL-21 to T cell ontogeny, self-reactivity, and humoral autoimmunity. PMID: 28978474
IL-21 signaling has a critical role in optimal host resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection PMID: 27819295
memory-like NK cells expansion depends on IL-21, and is involved in vaccine-induced protective immunity against a bacterial pathogen PMID: 27924822
IL-6 is identified as a master regulator of IL-21 in effector CD8(+) T cells. PMID: 27670591
Our work suggests that IL-21 regulates megakaryocyte development and platelet homeostasis. Thus, IL-21 may link immune responses to physiological or pathological platelet-dependent processes. PMID: 28057742
we identify novel distal regulatory elements in the mouse Il21 locus and demonstrate a dynamic long-range chromatin interaction between the Il21 promoter and these regulatory elements, which contributes to the regulated expression of IL-21 PMID: 27067007
this study shows that IL-21 acts as a potent inhibitor of a IL-17A-producing T-cell subset during Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus infection PMID: 27554052
this study shows that combination of mIL-21 with HIV-1 vaccines leads to distinct enhancement of NK cells and T cell immune responses associated with immune protection PMID: 27062692
The data of this study suggested that an increase in astrocyte-derived IL-21 expression in hippocampal subregions following KA-induced seizures may have potent regulatory effects on epileptogenesis. PMID: 27118610
this study reveals a context-dependent role for IL-21 in sustaining effector phenotype CD8 T cells and influencing their migratory properties, accumulation, and functions. PMID: 26826252
Dysregulated development of IL-17- and IL-21-expressing follicular helper T cells and increased germinal center formation in the absence of RORgammat. PMID: 26499265
results demonstrate that, in the setting of lupus-like CD4 T cell-driven B cell hyperactivity, IL-21 signaling on Ag-specific donor CD8 T cells is critical for CTL effector maturation whereas a lack of IL-21R downregulates CTL responses that would otherwise limit B cell hyperactivity and autoantibody production PMID: 26792801
IL-21 from microbiota-specific Th17 and/or Tfh cells contributes to robust intestinal IgA levels by enhancing IgA(+) CSR, IgA production and B-cell trafficking into the intestine. PMID: 25586558
this report demonstrates a critical role for IL-21 in the generation of a primary effector CD8 T cell response to an infectious disease model. PMID: 26597007
IL-21 drives the activation and expansion of a novel population of IL-13-producing Tc2 cells, which serve as a critical link between inflammation and fibrosis. PMID: 26519529
these findings underscore the important collaboration between IL-4 and IL-21 in shaping T-dependent B cells antibody responses. PMID: 26491200
IL-21-mediated signaling supports generation and stabilization of pathogenic Th17 cells and development of spontaneous autoimmunity. PMID: 26413871
In vivo treatment with IL-21 results in complete mantle cell lymphoma regression in syngeneic mice via natural killer - and T-cell-dependent mechanisms. PMID: 26194763
genetic deficiency results in reduced Th2 type response during allergic airway inflammation PMID: 26287681
Data indicate that interleukin 21 knockout (il-21-/-) mice showed significantly diminished T follicular helper cell (TFH) generation/accumulation compared to wild type mice. PMID: 25251568
The results indirectly provide evidence that IL-21 produced by CD4(+) T cells could promote Th1/Tc1 response, leading to systemic inflammation in emphysema. PMID: 24357415
IL-21 suppresses the development of Th2 cells and functions of polarized Th2 cells. PMID: 25351608
Inflammation and lymphopenia trigger autoimmunity by suppression of IL-2-controlled regulatory T cell and increase of IL-21-mediated effector T cell expansion. PMID: 25339665
IL-21 blockage decreases BAFF levels, modulates T-cell function in acute GVHD, attenuates GVHD by inhibiting mTORC, and modulates B-cell homeostasis. PMID: 25246268
In comparison with the DC-hgp100 or mIL-21 groups, the combinational DC-hgp100/mIL-21 vaccine drastically suppressed the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and T-regulatory (Treg) cell populations. PMID: 24572790
Data suggest that IL-21 exerts negative regulation on IRF4 and Treg activity, developing and maintaining adipose tissue inflammation in the obesity state. PMID: 24430438
Under IL-2 deprivation conditions, IL-21 may act as the major survival factor promoting T cell immune responses. PMID: 24416451
GM-SCF, IL-21 and Rae1 expression, alone or in combination, induces a cellular immune response against H22 tumor cells. PMID: 24350772
IL-21 is highly up-regulated in the injured mouse brain after cerebral ischemia. PMID: 24616379
Opposing actions of IL-2 and IL-21 on Th9 differentiation correlate with their differential regulation of BCL6 expression. PMID: 24550509
CD86 expression has functional consequences for the magnitude of CD4 T cell responses both in vitro and in vivo. These data pinpoint CD86 upregulation as an additional mechanism by which IL-21 can elicit immunomodulatory effects. PMID: 24470500
interleukin-21 enhances rituximab activity PMID: 23825648
results indicate that besides IL-21, IL-21iso may be another regulator of gut inflammation PMID: 23557800
IL-21 signaling to B cells is essential for the development of all classical disease manifestations, but IL-21 signaling also supports the expansion of central memory, CD8(+) suppressor cells and broadly represses the cytokine activity of CD4(+) T cells. PMID: 24078696
IL-21 may also indirectly promote CD8+ T cell poly-functionality by restricting the suppressive activity of infection-induced Treg cells. PMID: 23696736
a key role for IL-21 in shaping the humoral and cellular response to T. gondii PMID: 23667536
IL-21 plays a critical role in regulating central nervous system immunity during viral encephalitis by sustaining viral persistence and preventing mortality. PMID: 23992866
REsults suggest IL-21 is not required for follicular helper t-cell differentiation and function and IL-21 must act on B cells PMID: 23960240
Notably, Th17 differentiation in the absence of NR4A2 was restored by exogenous IL-21, indicating that NR4A2 controls full maturation of Th17 cells via autocrine IL-21 signalling PMID: 23437182
required for induction of type I diabetes PMID: 23607664
These preliminary data show that IL-21 is critical for the development of optimal vaccine-induced primary but not secondary antibody responses against rabies virus infections. PMID: 23516660
Interleukin-21 is a critical cytokine for the generation of virus-specific long-lived plasma cells. PMID: 23637417
Secreted IL-21 isoform also has less signaling activity than IL-21. PMID: 23312859
IL-21 mRNA is reduced in the spleens of lyn(-/-) IL-6(-/-) and lyn(-/-) Btk(lo) mice. PMID: 23169140
Together, these results showed for the first time that IL-21 influences the biology and the effector activity of Natural killer dendritic cells. PMID: 23098768
Local suppression of IL-21 alleviated secretory disfunction and disrupted lymphocyte infiltration in submandibular glands of NOD mice and thus retarded the development of Sjorgren's-like symptoms of NOD mice. Tfh cells were also inhibited. PMID: 22643047
Results indicate a reciprocal production of IL-21 and GM-CSF in T4 cells. PMID: 23453633