Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18 (TNFSF18), partial

1. GITRL levels are significantly elevated in rheumatoid arthritis serum and synovial fluid and are positively correlated with autoantibody production in rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting a role of GITRL in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 27098050
2. GITRL modulates the activities of p38 MAPK and STAT3 to promote Th17 cell differentiation in autoimmune arthritis. PMID: 26657118
3. An increase in GITRL may impair the balance of Th17/Treg, and contribute to the pathopoiesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. PMID: 25429429
4. Serum GITRL levels were higher in SLE patients. PMID: 23251213
5. Glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related ligand (GITRL) confers pseudoexpression to tumor cells by platelets, which results in GITRL expression by megakaryocytes and their platelet progeny. PMID: 22649191
6. observation suggests a link between cytokine-regulated keratinocyte GITRL expression and its role in inflammatory responses in AD PMID: 22417213
7. GITRL upregulation induced by IFN-beta on dendritic cells downregulates CTLA-4 on regulatory T (Treg) cells, facilitating proliferation of anergic Treg cells in multiple sclerosis treatment of multiple sclerosis patients. PMID: 22112394
8. GITRL expression on Kupffer cells may mediate acute rejection in liver transplantation PMID: 21693309
9. The incorporation of an isoleucine zipper motif could markedly improve the costimulation of hsGITRL. PMID: 20228835
10. Upregulation by proinflammatory cytokines suggests GITRL may play important role in ocular immunity. High level of constitutive GITRL expression on photoreceptor inner segments suggests photoreceptors participate in regulation of ocular inflammation. PMID: 15326137
11. Regulates ossteoclasst genersation and substantiate the major role played by the endothelium in bone physiology. PMID: 16179414
12. Using a GITRL-transfected cell line, we demonstrate that GITRL promotes NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma production. PMID: 16397134
13. GITRL could be a potential candidate for regulation of the ocular immune privilege and the balance between immune privilege and inflammation PMID: 16874737
14. Constitutive expression of GITRL by tumor cells diminishes natural killer cell antitumor immunity. PMID: 17360848
15. although huGITRL is not capable of alleviating Treg suppression of responder T cells, huGITRL overexpression on monocyte-derived DC enhances their capacity to induce antigen-specific T cell responses PMID: 17449724
16. These observations raise the possibility that the GITRL-mediated inflammatory activation of macrophages is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. PMID: 17602748
17. Levels of AITRL were significantly increased in serum of breast cancer patients PMID: 17914571
18. hGITRL ectodomain displays considerable self-association/dissociation in solution with a dynamic equilibrium between trimeric and monomeric forms over the range of protein concentrations studied. PMID: 18040044
19. identify multiple oligomeric species of hGITRL that possess distinct kinetics of ERK activation. PMID: 18378892
20. The strong correlation of tumor incidence and elevated soluble GITRL levels indicates that soluble GITRL is released from cancers in vivo, leading to impaired NK cell immunosurveillance of tumors PMID: 18689545

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HGNC: 11932

OMIM: 603898

KEGG: hsa:8995

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000385470

UniGene: Hs.248197