Recombinant Mouse Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)

1. Results show that Rac1-dependent mechanisms in hepatocytes and non-hepatocytes contribute to the maintenance of liver immune homeostasis under basal situation and following LPS-induced endotoxemia. Disturbed Rac1-regulated hepatocyte functions may promote liver damage under pathophysiological situation involving inflammatory stress. PMID: 29932987
2. Selective inhibition or knockdown of Rac1 decreased IL-6 and IL-8 release in 16HBE cells induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE), which correlated with CSE-induced Rac1-regulated Erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling. PMID: 28428003
3. This study demonstrated that Rac1 plays vital roles in brain plasticity and functional recovery after experimental stroke. PMID: 29476448
4. Authors show that a vinculin-mediated link was not only critical for Rac1 induction and actin rearrangements, but was also important for the induction of a Rab5-dependent increase in the number of early endosomes. PMID: 28576970
5. Rac1 and Cdc42 have cooperating roles in regulation of bone development. PMID: 29626467
6. Rac1 role in the hippocampal inhibitory neurons.ArhGAP15 modulation of Rac1 activity in the hippocampus. PMID: 27713499
7. Non-visual arrestins regulate the focal adhesion formation via small GTPases RhoA and Rac1 independently of G-protein-coupled receptors. PMID: 29133163
8. These findings suggest a causal relationship between increased Rac1-cofilin signaling, synaptic defects, and impaired sensory processing in fragile X syndrome (FXS) and uncover a previously unappreciated role for impaired Rac1-cofilin signaling in the aberrant spine morphology and spine density associated with FXS. PMID: 29114038
9. Rac1 modulates the choices of molar cuspal shape by coordinating adhesion junctions, actin distribution, and fibronectin localization to drive inner dental epithelium invagination. PMID: 27892530
10. The NKD1/Rac1 feedback loop regulates the invasion and migration ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PMID: 27231134
11. Activation of Rac1 in podocytes causes a spectrum of disease ranging from minimal change disease to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, due to podocyte detachment from the glomerular basement membrane that is partially dependent on p38 MAPK. PMID: 28483380
12. a novel mechanistic model of phagosome formation spatiotemporally controlled by Rac1 switching within a phagocytic cup. PMID: 28600322
13. Rac1 may have vital roles in the proliferation, migration, adhesion, and odontoblastic differentiation of MDPC-23 (dental papilla) cells PMID: 28215344
14. Rac1 exerts a dual role in skin carcinogenesis: its activation is required for HPV-8- and UV-light induced apilloma formation but, suppresses the development of squamous cell carcinomas PMID: 27506937
15. Taken together, the results show that mL2a-pCA induced macrophage activation via Rac1 phosphorylation-dependent pathways. PMID: 29269293
16. reduction of VAV2 in absence of CUX1 was associated with a significant decrease of RAC1 activity in response to epithelial wounding. Our results identify a novel pathway by which CUX1 regulates normal intestinal epithelial cell restitution PMID: 28893557
17. Functionally mutating the TRAF6 ubiquitination site on Rac1 or inactivating Rac1 with a specific inhibitor reversed the deleterious effects of TRAF6 overexpression during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. TRAF6 upregulation binds and ubiquitinates Rac1 directly, which promotes neuron death through neuroinflammation and neuro-oxidative signals. PMID: 29114077
18. This inhibitory action of Vav2 shRNA on Hcys-induced podocyte injury was associated with reduction of Rac1 activity and ROS production. These results suggest that elevated Hcys levels activate Vav2 and thereby increase NOX activity leading to ROS production, which triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation, podocyte dysfunction and glomerular injury. PMID: 28193546
19. activation of Rac1 promotes leukemia development through enhancing leukemia cells' homing and retention in niche. PMID: 26946078
20. GDIalpha has a critical role in suppressing Rac1 activity in mature podocytes PMID: 26726844
21. our data provide direct evidence for a protective role of Rac1 in UV-light-induced skin carcinogenesis and keratinocyte apoptosis probably through regulating mechanisms of the DNA damage response and repair pathways. PMID: 28277539
22. Overexpression of caRac1 in limb bud mesenchyme or chondrocytes leads to reduced body weight and shorter bones compared with control mice. Histological analysis of growth plates showed that caRac1;Col2-Cre mice displayed ectopic hypertrophic chondrocytes in the proliferative zone and enlarged hypertrophic zones. PMID: 28977598
23. Our results reveal a novel mechanism for regulation of membrane tubule stability mediated by DRG2. PMID: 28865956
24. distinct modes of Rac-regulated mast cell exocytosis: Rac2-mediated calcium influx and Rac1-mediated membrane ruffling. PMID: 24399839
25. The Rac-1 regulates platelet-derived microparticles (PMP) formation and thrombin generation (TG) in sepsis and that inhibition of Rac1 activity could be a useful target to inhibit dysfunctional coagulation in abdominal sepsis. PMID: 28465231
26. P311 could accelerate skin wound reepithelialization by promoting the migration of Epidermal Stem Cell through RhoA and Rac1 activation. PMID: 27927130
27. Rac1 role in the oocyte maturation and female fertility PMID: 28545113
28. The data suggest that Kif15 recruits Escherichia coli EspW to the site of bacterial attachment, which in turn activates Rac1, resulting in modifications of the actin cytoskeleton that are essential to maintain cell shape during infection. PMID: 28630074
29. HS1 as an important regulator of proper Rac1 and Rap1 activation and neutrophil extravasation. PMID: 28122813
30. Our findings implicate Rac1 as a regulatory element critical for controlling glucose uptake during exercise via regulation of GLUT4 translocation. PMID: 27061726
31. we identified novel transcriptional targets of KLF6 in HCC cells including VAV3, a known activator of the RAC1 small GTPase. Indeed, RAC1 activity is increased in KLF6-knockdown cells in a VAV3-dependent manner, and knockdown of either RAC1 or VAV3 impairs HCC cell migration. Together, our data demonstrate a novel function for KLF6 in constraining HCC dissemination through the regulation of a VAV3-RAC1 signaling axis. PMID: 26876204
32. Rac1 and AMPK together account for almost the entire ex vivo contraction response in muscle glucose transport, whereas only Rac1, but not alpha2 AMPK, regulates muscle glucose uptake during submaximal exercise in vivo. PMID: 28389470
33. this study identifies Rac1 as a downstream target for SMA to inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. PMID: 27176050
34. Inhibition of Rac1 suppresses store overload-induced calcium release and protects against ventricular arrhythmia. PMID: 27222313
35. identified Rac1 interactors together with functional annotation of the differentially regulated Rac1 binding partners, is reported. PMID: 27152953
36. Constitutively active RAC1 promotes photoreceptor cell death by oxidative damage that occurs, at least partially, through NOX-induced ROS. PMID: 27233035
37. Lrrk1 deficiency in osteoclasts resulted in reduced phosphorylation and activation of RAC1/Cdc42 PMID: 27600824
38. Rac1 regulates lung branching morphogenesis, in part through canonical Wnt signaling. PMID: 27765763
39. We show that Rac1 is crucial for mammary alveolar epithelia to switch from secretion to a phagocytic mode and rapidly remove dying neighbors. Moreover, Rac1 restricts the extrusion of dying cells into the lumen, thus promoting their eradication by live phagocytic neighbors while within the epithelium. PMID: 27623383
40. Rac1 GTPase regulates 11beta-HSD2 expression, mineralocorticoid receptor activation, and mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated pro-fibrotic signaling. PMID: 28320863
41. Rac1-GSPT1 represents a novel signaling axis in astrocytes that accelerates proliferation in response to inflammation, which is one important factor in the development of astrogliosis/glial scar following CNS injury PMID: 27941025
42. Muscle Rac1 is dispensable for the insulin sensitizing effect of exercise. Moreover, insulin resistance in Rac1 mKO mice can be completely normalized by previous exercise explaining why insulin resistant patients can increase insulin action with exercise despite dysfunctional Rac1 activity in muscle. PMID: 27285860
43. Thus hypoxia-activated Rac1 is critical for neuronal hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha stabilization and survival during oxygen deprivation via integration of complex signaling cascades. PMID: 27018294
44. presentation of a form of biochemical computation in dendrites involving the controlled complementation of three molecules--Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42--that simultaneously ensures signal specificity and primes the system for BDNF-dependent homo- and heterosynaptic plasticity PMID: 27680697
45. Findings indicate the role of Tiam1-Rac1-Nox2 signaling pathway in the onset of spontaneous diabetes in the type 1 diabetes NOD mouse model. PMID: 27467102
46. Augmented hypertension-induced glomerular capillary injury in mice lacking CLIC5 results from abrogation of Rac1-dependent Pak and ezrin activation, perhaps reducing the tensile strength of the podocyte actin cytoskeleton. PMID: 26924049
47. only the combination of the lack of Rac1 and irritant contact dermatitis affects the architectural organisation of the dermal collagen, and that a higher inflammatory state in the tissue PMID: 26889750
48. Taken together, our novel findings show that bacterial toxins increase thrombin generation via consumption of plasma factors and that Rac1 signaling plays an important role in thrombin generation in response to bacterial toxins PMID: 26873877
49. Rac1 and Rac2 have critical roles in skeletal metabolism. PMID: 26496249
50. These data show that membrane protrusions originate from surface ectodermal cells and that Rac1 is necessary for the formation of membrane ruffles which typify late neural fold closure stages, whereas Cdc42 is required for the predominance of filopodia in early neurulation. PMID: 27114066

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KEGG: mmu:19353

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000079380

UniGene: Mm.292510