Recombinant Rat Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)

1. Pharmacological inhibition of RAC1 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of both RT4 cells and human NF2-associated primary schwannoma cells by inducing apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of RAC1 effectively reduced Rac1 activity and down-regulated the pathway downstream of Rac. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of RAC1 showed a potential antitumor effect, with low toxicity in vivo. PMID: 28934903
2. Decreased cardiac Rac1 expression in the nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia suggests that Rac1 deficiency during morphogenesis may impair structural cardiac remodeling, resulting in congenital cardiac defects. PMID: 28683507
3. Glucotoxicity promotes aberrant activation and mislocalization of Rac1 and metabolic dysfunction in pancreatic islet beta-cells. PMID: 28828705
4. Rac1 signaling regulates the expression of the inflammasome and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury. PMID: 28013306
5. longest Rac1 3' UTR is necessary for driving the mRNA to the neurites, and also for neurite outgrowth in cortical neurons. PMID: 28274785
6. miR-124 directly controls Rac1 expression. PMID: 27159442
7. contextual fear memory in rats is actively regulated by Rac1 activity in the hippocampus. PMID: 25613020
8. The spinal GTP-Rac1-PAK-ERK/p38MAPK signaling pathway is involved in both the development and maintenance of peripheral inflammatory pain and can be used as a potential molecular target for developing a novel therapeutic strategy for clinical pain PMID: 26700000
9. Rac1 is an important mediator of pulmonary vascular remodeling. PMID: 26543024
10. These findings suggest that periodic mechanical stress promotes nucleus pulpous cell proliferation in part through the EGFR-Rac1-ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which links these three important signaling molecules into a mitogenic cascade. PMID: 26707876
11. Rac1 (and RhoA) are effectors of D1 receptor signaling during dendritic morphogenesis in prefrontal cortex. PMID: 24915967
12. Localized in the membrane in association with Rac1 following the LPS stimulation. PMID: 25796615
13. That is accompanied by a massive rise in Rac1-GTP level. PMID: 25957600
14. In immunohistochemical staining, expression of Rac1 was observed to be increased in all layers of bladder in both diabetic groups compared to the control group PMID: 25382267
15. Activation of Rac1 may not require plasma membrane localization, potentially leading to differential activation of cytosolic signaling pathways that alter cell morphology. PMID: 25479592
16. experiments demonstrate that Rac in the basolateral amygdala is crucial for the reconsolidation of auditory Pavlovian fear memory, whereas Rac in the CA1 is critical for the reconsolidation of contextual Pavlovian fear memory PMID: 24553575
17. Exendin-4 confers resistance to ANG II-induced superoxide anion generation from NAD(P)H oxidase and the resultant VSMC senescence by inhibiting Rac1 activation via a cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway. PMID: 25298426
18. Fluctuations in gene expression over prolonged periods of time, and the resulting fluctuations in Rac1 activity, could generate glioma cells that have different invasive capacities. PMID: 24522191
19. Rac1 translocation to the nucleus functionally correlates with bFGF-induced neurite outgrowth. PMID: 24195795
20. Rac1 and RhoA are involved in aberrant mossy fiber sprouting. PMID: 24660528
21. Taken together, these data suggest that Chlamydia pneumoniae infection promotes vascular smooth muscle cell migration, possibly through activating Rac1 via PI3K. PMID: 24248991
22. results identify inhibition of Rac1/p21-activated kinase actin signaling pathways as an activity-dependent mechanism mediating the inhibitory effects of GluN3A on spine morphogenesis. PMID: 24297929
23. Data from RAC1 knockdown in INS-1 cell line suggest that RAC1 plays a crucial role in insulin secretion by beta cells in response to increased glucose; RAC1 appears to act by depolymerizing actin cytoskeleton. PMID: 23412604
24. The activation of Rac1 is a critical event downstream of the PI3K-Akt kinase cascade in insulin regulation of glucose transport in muscle cells. PMID: 23499910
25. constitutive activity of Rac1, which is necessary for stretch-induced activation of the Rac1 downstream proteins, mediates stretch-induced increases in permeability and PJAR formation. PMID: 23686855
26. The Atypical guanine nucleotide exchange factor Dock4 regulates neurite differentiation through modulation of Rac1 GTPase and actin dynamics. PMID: 23720743
27. Geranylgeranyltransferase I mediates BDNF-induced neuronal synaptogenesis through Rac1 activation. PMID: 23534605
28. These results indicate that activation of Rac1, which leads to reactive oxygen species generation, is required for neurite outgrowth induced by staurosporine in PC12 cells. PMID: 23153365
29. Rac1 signalling contributes to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through both a ROS-dependent mechanism and ROS-independent HDAC/p53 signalling in cardiomyocytes. PMID: 23027656
30. Rac1 signaling plays a key role in oxalate-induced renal injury. PMID: 21814770
31. Rac1 activation plays a pivotal role in the migration and proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells stimulated by PDGF-BB. PMID: 22322064
32. Blockade of small GTPase Rac1 specifically prevents insulin-induced increases in dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons. PMID: 21683721
33. Active Rac1 potentiates mineralocorticoid receptor transactivation. PMID: 22232135
34. It was concluded that NADPH oxidase activity and Rac1 GTP activity are indispensable for the nongenomic actions of mineralocorticoid receptors and that Rac1 GTP activation induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the brain. PMID: 22114025
35. Peripheral nerve injury induces Rac1-regulated remodeling of dendritic spines on dorsal horn neurons, and suggests that this spine remodeling contributes to neuropathic pain. PMID: 21963650
36. Rac1 GTPase in rodent kidneys is essential for salt-sensitive hypertension via a mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent pathway PMID: 21765214
37. investigation of role of Rac1 in regulating vascular reactivity: In hemorrhagic shock models, data suggest that Rac1 has inhibitory effect on vascular reactivity mediated through activation of PAK, inhibition of MLCK, and inhibition of Rho kinase. PMID: 21386710
38. phosphorylated Tiam2 activates Rac1 in neurons during neurite outgrowth PMID: 21460187
39. Changes in Rac1 activity are involved in neurodegenerative processes following cerebral ischemia, and during its long-term recovery. PMID: 20817060
40. in microvascular endothelium, Rac1-mediated alterations in contact zone architecture contribute to cAMP-induced barrier stabilization. PMID: 21457935
41. Rac1 to inhibit intracellular superoxide production as well as overcome Bcl-2-mediated drug resistance in human leukemia cells and cervical cancer cells. PMID: 21474673
42. data suggest that isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase regulates glucose-induced Rac1 activation, generation of reactive oxygen species and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells PMID: 21346419
43. our findings suggest that Rac1 is essential for epithelial Na(+) channel activity and regulates the channel via WAVE proteins. PMID: 21464391
44. breakpoint cluster region and active BCR-related gene have novel roles in the regulation of synaptic Rac1 signaling, synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory, and that excessive Rac1 activity negatively affects synaptic and cognitive functions PMID: 20962234
45. Insulin stabilizes endothelial barrier via inactivation of the endothelial contractile machinery and enhancement of cell-cell adhesions. These effects are mediated via PI3K/Akt- and NO/cGMP-induced Rac1 activation. PMID: 20339116
46. puerarin may exert inhibitory effects on HG-induced VSMC proliferation via interfering with PKCbeta2/Rac1-dependent ROS pathways, thus resulting in the attenuation of neointimal formation in the context of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus PMID: 19854265
47. Physiological increases in NaCl stimulate thick ascending limb superoxide generation by activating Rac1. PMID: 19923407
48. Effects of cell tension on the small GTPase Rac. PMID: 12105187
49. essential for lipopolysaccharide signaling to extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 MAP kinase activation in rat-2 fibroblasts PMID: 12132588
50. Rac1 induces cardiac myocyte hypertrophy mediated through ASK1 and NF-kappaB PMID: 12672819

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KEGG: rno:363875

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000001417

UniGene: Rn.228585