NHF1
NCX
Inhibition of fibrosis
Inhibition of renal fibrosis
Cardiovascular development
Vasodilatation
Mitochondrial biogenesis
Browning adipogenesis
Inhibition of lipolysis
Cardias hypertrophy
Cell proliferation
Vasoconstriction
AT1R
TGFBR
APJ
AC
Apelin
Fobin
e
PAI-1
TPA
Smad2/3
Smad4
CTGF
E-cadherin
α-SMA
EMT
e
KLF2
MEF2
e
HDAC4/5
CaMKIV
Gα13βγ
Gαqβγ
Gαiβγ
+P
S1P
Sphk1
eNOS
NRF-1
TFAM
NO
UCP1
e
e
KLF2
e
e
AMPK
e
PGC1α
Penlipin1
Autophagy
PI3K
Beclin1
LC3
e
PI3K
Akt
PDE3B
ERK1/2
P70S6K
e
e
PKA
HSL
Cyclin D1
Notch3
Jagged-1
OPN
Egr1
e
e
S6
P70S6K
mTOR
ERK1/2
Ras
Raf-1
MEK1/2
PKCε
MLCK
MLC
DAG
IP3
SR
RyR
IP3R
ca
2+
NO
CaM
Inhibition of lipolysis
cAMP
PLCβ
PKA
HSL
H
+
Na
+
Na
+
e
e
e
AMPK pathway
eNOS
PI3K pathway
+P
+P
+P
+P
+P
+P
+P
+P