Dpp4

What is DPP4?

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4), also called CD26 or adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the DPP4 gene. The DPP4 was originally identified in 1996 through a multitude of chemistry studies by Hopsu-Havu VK and Glenner GG. It is a serine membrane-anchored exopeptidase belong to dipeptidyl peptidase subfamily 9b, with a wide distribution in several tissues, such as the lung, kidney, liver, gut, and immune cells. And it also exists as a soluble form circulates in the bloodstream and the body fluids.

What is the feature of the DPP4 structure?

The primary structure of DPP4 is composed of a short N-terminal cytoplasmic tail, a transmembrane domain, and an extracellular portion consisting of a flexible stalk, glycosylation‐rich region, cysteine‐rich region, and a C-terminal catalytic domain. There are two domains in the crystal/quaternary structure of DPP4, including an eight‐bladed propeller (blades II–V for the glycosylation‐rich region and blades VI-VIII for the cysteine‐rich region) and an α/β‐hydrolase domain.

What is the function of DPP4?

Sebastiano Bruno Solerte et al. showed that DPP4 distribution in the human respiratory tract may facilitate the viral entry into the airway tract itself and could contribute to the progression of cytokine storm and immunopathology in leading to lethal COVID-19 pneumonia.

Since DPP4 cleaves a broad range of substrates such as growth factors, chemokines, neuropeptides, and vasoactive peptides, it is involved in various physiological processes, including immune regulation, signal transduction, and apoptosis. The interactions between DPP4 and ADA, CD45, caveolin-1, CARMA-1, and M6P/IGFII-R, mediate the activation, signaling, and differentiation of T cells. Inhibition of the DPP4 enzyme by DPP4 inhibitors (DPP4is) such as sitagliptin, alogliptin, vildagliptin prolongs and enhances the activity of incretins, important players in insulin secretion and blood glucose control regulation. Therefore, DPP4 inhibitors are widely used for the therapies for hyperglycemia in type II diabetes.

Additionally, DPP4 is complicated in tumor biology and acts as a potential biomarker for multiple cancers, but it varies among different cancers. For example, the upregulation of DPP4 expression is found in numerous aggressive T-cell malignancies, lung adenocarcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, and prostate cancer. None the less, DPP4 is downregulated in endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Hot products of DPP4:

Recombinant Human Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) (in vitro E.coli expression system) (CSB-CF007139HU)

DPP4 Antibody (ELISA, WB, IHC, IF) (CSB-PA06229A0Rb)

DPP4 Antibody (ELISA,WB,IHC) (CSB-PA007139GA01HU)