Human lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2,Lp-PLA2 ELISA Kit

Code CSB-E08319h
Size 96T,5×96T,10×96T
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Product Details

Target Name
phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma)
Alternative Names
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase precursor ELISA Kit; 1 alkyl 2 acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase ELISA Kit; 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase ELISA Kit; 2 acetyl 1 alkylglycerophosphocholine esterase ELISA Kit; 2-acetyl-1-alkylglycerophosphocholine esterase ELISA Kit; EC 3.1.1.47 PAF acetylhydrolase PAF 2-acylhydrolase LDL associated phospholipase A2 ELISA Kit; Group VIIA phospholipase A2 ELISA Kit; Group-VIIA phospholipase A2 ELISA Kit; gVIIA PLA2 ELISA Kit; gVIIA-PLA2 ELISA Kit; LDL associated phospholipase A2 ELISA Kit; LDL PLA(2) ELISA Kit; LDL PLA2 ELISA Kit; LDL-associated phospholipase A2 ELISA Kit; LDL-PLA(2) ELISA Kit; Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 ELISA Kit; LP PLA2 ELISA Kit; PAF 2 acylhydrolase ELISA Kit; PAF 2 acylhydrolase LDL associated phospholipase A2 ELISA Kit; PAF 2-acylhydrolase ELISA Kit; PAF acetylhydrolase ELISA Kit; PAFA_HUMAN ELISA Kit; PAFAD ELISA Kit; PAFAH ELISA Kit; Phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma) ELISA Kit; PLA2G7 ELISA Kit; Platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase 2 ELISA Kit; Platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase ELISA Kit; Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase ELISA Kit
Abbreviation
PLA2G7
Uniprot No.
Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Sample Types
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates
Detection Range
1.56 ng/mL-100 ng/mL
Sensitivity
0.39 ng/mL
Assay Time
1-5h
Sample Volume
50-100ul
Detection Wavelength
450 nm
Research Area
Metabolism
Assay Principle
quantitative
Measurement
Sandwich
Precision
Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): CV%<8%      
Three samples of known concentration were tested twenty times on one plate to assess.  
Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): CV%<10%      
Three samples of known concentration were tested in twenty assays to assess.    
             
Linearity
To assess the linearity of the assay, samples were spiked with high concentrations of human Lp-PLA2 in various matrices and diluted with the Sample Diluent to produce samples with values within the dynamic range of the assay.
  Sample Serum(n=4)  
1:5 Average % 93  
Range % 90-96  
1:10 Average % 91  
Range % 87-96  
1:20 Average % 97  
Range % 93-100  
1:40 Average % 89  
Range % 85-96  
Recovery
The recovery of human Lp-PLA2 spiked to levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated. Samples were diluted prior to assay as directed in the Sample Preparation section.
Sample Type Average % Recovery Range  
Serum (n=5) 93 90-96  
EDTA plasma (n=4) 95 90-101  
             
             
Typical Data
These standard curves are provided for demonstration only. A standard curve should be generated for each set of samples assayed.
ng/ml OD1 OD2 Average Corrected  
100 2.767 2.861 2.814 2.642  
50 2.356 2.313 2.335 2.163  
25 1.672 1.638 1.655 1.483  
12.5 0.983 0.972 0.978 0.806  
6.25 0.657 0.635 0.646 0.474  
3.12 0.455 0.444 0.450 0.278  
1.56 0.279 0.286 0.283 0.111  
0 0.170 0.173 0.172    
Troubleshooting
and FAQs
Storage
Store at 2-8°C. Please refer to protocol.
Lead Time
3-5 working days after you place the order, and it takes another 3-5 days for delivery via DHL or FedEx
Description

The human Lp-PLA2 ELISA Kit is engineered for accurate measurement of human Lp-PLA2 levels from samples including serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, or tissue homogenates. It uses the Sandwich-ELISA mechanism in combination with the enzyme-substrate chromogenic reaction to measure the Lp-PLA2 content in the sample. The color intensity is positively correlated with Lp-PLA2 content in the sample. This kit has been validated against standards of sensitivity, specificity, precision, linearity, recovery, and lot-to-lot consistency.

Lp-PLA2, also called PLA2G7, is secreted in many inflammatory cells such as macrophages exerting both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory roles. Lp-PLA2 is primarily associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in a small amounts. Lp-PLA2 catalyzes hydrolysis of the acetyl group at sn-2 position of PAF to generate lyso-PAF and acetate. It also cleaves oxidatively modified positions of apoB100-containing lipoproteins into oxidized nonesterified fatty acids (oxFFAs) and lysophosphatidylcholine. It can act as an imflammatory biomarker for evaluating risk factors linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Higher plasma concentrations of Lp-PLA2 activity has been demonstrate tofurther enhance the risk of cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infraction and ischemic stroke.

Citations

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Target Background

Function
(From Uniprot)
Lipoprotein-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 involved in phospholipid catabolism during inflammatory and oxidative stress response. At the lipid-aqueous interface, hydrolyzes the ester bond of fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity). Specifically targets phospholipids with a short-chain fatty acyl group at sn-2 position. Can hydrolyze phospholipids with long fatty acyl chains, only if they carry oxidized functional groups. Hydrolyzes and inactivates platelet-activating factor (PAF, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), a potent proinflammatory signaling lipid that acts through PTAFR on various innate immune cells. Hydrolyzes oxidatively truncated phospholipids carrying an aldehyde group at omega position, preventing their accumulation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and uncontrolled proinflammatory effects. As part of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, can hydrolyze phospholipids having long-chain fatty acyl hydroperoxides at sn-2 position and protect against potential accumulation of these oxylipins in the vascular wall. Catalyzes the release from membrane phospholipids of F2-isoprostanes, lipid biomarkers of cellular oxidative damage.
Gene References into Functions
  1. The decrease of Lp-PLA2 activity in adolescents with type 2 diabetes suggests that elevated blood glucose concentrations do not have a dominant elevating effect, perhaps even a decreasing influence on Lp- PLA2 activity. PMID: 29027597
  2. Polymorphisms in rs1805017 and rs1805018, additional interaction between rs1805017 and smoking, and haplotype containing the rs1805017-H and rs1805018-T alleles were associated with increased CHD risk. PMID: 29728838
  3. CD163 positive macrophages have roles in lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity in atherosclerotic plaque PMID: 29101839
  4. evidence that Lp-PLA2 could predict all-cause mortality and rehospitalization risk among patients with ACS undergoing PCI. PMID: 29121808
  5. the relationship between two variants of apoC1 and the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome, evaluated the genotypic effects on clinical, hormonal and metabolic indexes and plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity, was investigated. PMID: 29636060
  6. Met117 oxidation caused enhanced flexibility and decreased compactness in oxidized state. PAF binding interaction with oxidized protein was mediated only through hydrophobic interactions. PMID: 29427679
  7. Persistently elevated serum concentrations of Lp-PLA2 were associated with an unfavorable outcome in patients with sepsis. PMID: 29138849
  8. Resveratrol downregulates Lp-PLA2 expression by inhibiting oxidative stress via SIRT1 pathway in the THP-1-derived macrophages. PMID: 28608449
  9. Elevated Lp-PLA2 mass was associated with all cause-death independently of other risk factors within one year after acute ischemic stroke. PMID: 28934604
  10. PLA2G7 and PON1 are overexpressed in prostatic neoplasm patients and can be detected early in blood. PMID: 29050675
  11. A PLA2G7 gene polymorphism determines the plasma levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and mass and manifests as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. PMID: 27905470
  12. Conclusion RBP4 may be used as a predictive factor of diabetic nephropathy patients complicated with silent cerebral infarction (SCI) and is positively correlated with cognitive dysfunction. RBP4/Lp-PLA2/Netrin-1 pathway activation may be one of the occurrence mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy complicated with SCI. PMID: 28704853
  13. Greater Lp-PLA2 activity or mass was associated with an increased risk of CHD and IS PMID: 28514697
  14. Lp-PLA2 G994T gene polymorphism may be an independent risk factor of ischemic stroke in Chinese population. PMID: 28960681
  15. Lifelong lower Lp-PLA2 activity was not associated with major risks of vascular or non-vascular diseases in Chinese adults. PMID: 27301456
  16. phospholipase A2 Group 7 (PLA2G7), to be important in regulating tumor cell migration and a novel tumor-promoting factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID: 27487154
  17. Suggest that the plasma biomarkers Lp-PLA2 activity and mass are markers of abdominal aortic aneurysm risk after adjusting for relevant confounders. PMID: 28475940
  18. The substitution of whole grains and legumes for refined rice resulted in a reduction in Lp-PLA2 activities in plasma and PBMCs partly through improved glycemic control, increased consumption of protein relative to carbohydrate, and reduced lipid peroxides. PMID: 24904022
  19. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and its relationship with markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease PMID: 28502488
  20. High levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase-A2 did not relate to endothelial dysfunction in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. PMID: 28110894
  21. In persistent prehypertension, increased ox-LDL hydrolysis by Lp-PLA2 enhances arterial stiffness without an age-related increase in blood pressure. PMID: 28142077
  22. LpPLA2 is found in both LDL and HDL and is distributed differently in men with T1D without any relationship to CAC score progression PMID: 27206945
  23. In a multi-ethnic cohort without baseline cardiovascular disease, higher Lp-PLA2 mass and activity were not significantly associated with an increased risk for incident peripheral arterial disease. PMID: 28215109
  24. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 as a new marker to determine cardiovascular risk in hypercholesterolemic dyslipidaemic children PMID: 27614353
  25. The simultaneous presence of the PLA2G7 279VV genotype and persistence of overweight synergistically increases the risk for hypertension. PMID: 28334001
  26. Elevated mass and activity of Lp-PLA2 related to inflammation and atherosclerosis may take part in the development of kidney injury and atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease. PMID: 27776715
  27. Taken together, these results revealed that Lp-PLA2 silencing protected against ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis via Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in human THP1 macrophages. PMID: 27392709
  28. Plasma Lp-PLA2 concentration was independently associated with coronary heart disease in Chinese patients. PMID: 28222638
  29. The distribution of V279F-AA+AC genotype and R92H-AA+AG genotype in the AP group was higher than that in the control group, whereas the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis (SAP) group and SAP with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome group distributions were higher than those in the MAP group and SAP without MODS group.G-C-A, G-A-G, and G-C-G haploids formed by A379V, V279F, and R92H may be associated with AP susceptibility PMID: 28332853
  30. results do not support added value of Lp-PLA2 for predicting cardiovascular events or mortality among CHD patients beyond traditional risk factor PMID: 27097870
  31. High Lp-PLA2 expression is associated with type 1 diabetes. PMID: 27710915
  32. This presentation aims at clarifying the involvement of Lp-PLA2 in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, and at assessing its interest both as a biomarker for the onset of CV events and as a therapeutic target--{REVIEW} PMID: 26499399
  33. PLA2G7 expression is significantly upregulated in human masticatory mucosa during wound healing PMID: 28005267
  34. A considerable portion of Chinese ischemic stroke patients are insensitive to aspirin treatment, which may be correlated with the MDR1 C3435T, TBXA2R (rs1131882), and PLA2G7 (rs1051931-rs7756935) polymorphisms. PMID: 27641736
  35. Uremic environment but not inflammation per se increases plasma Lp-PLA2 activity and upregulates monocytic Lp-PLA2 mRNA expression. The highest Lp-PLA2 levels were found in the classical and not in the inflammatory subsets. Atherosclerosis also contributes to a subset-specific increase in Lp-PLA2 mRNA expression. PMID: 27992874
  36. Lp-PLA2 levels in human plasma were positively associated with the severity of coronary heart disease. PMID: 27941334
  37. Greater Lp-PLA2 activity or mass was independently associated with cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease, particularly in patients with stable coronary heart disease who were not receiving therapies for inhibiting Lp-PLA2.[review] PMID: 27956130
  38. Expression of LpPLA2 may be associated with obesity. Therefore, LpPLA2 mRNA expression levels may develop as an important risk predictor for vascular complications in Metabolic syndrome. PMID: 26460076
  39. PLA2G7 gene expression was co-regulated by 17-beta-estradiol and promoter methylation. PMID: 27450918
  40. no relationship with either proinflammatory cytokines or neopterin identified in Alzheimer disease PMID: 26828804
  41. Lp-PLA2 activity in Japanese men aged 50-79 years was associated significantly and positively with IMT and plaque in the carotid artery but Mendelian randomization did not support that Lp-PLA2 is a causative factor for subclinical atherosclerosis. PMID: 26775119
  42. 279Val-->Phe Polymorphism of Lp-PLA2 may lead to decrease the enzymatic activity via changes of folding kinetics and recognition to its substrate. PMID: 26595893
  43. Increased plasma Lp-PLA2 activity portends increased risk of resistant hypertension. PMID: 26801405
  44. These findings suggest that plasma PAF may be a potential biomarker for predicting poor bone health in postmenopausal women. PMID: 25501698
  45. Studied whether the level of Lp-PLA2 is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 26504820
  46. Higher Lp-PLA2 mass and activity were associated with development of both incident clinical peripheral arterial disease and low ankle brachial index. PMID: 26848158
  47. A V279F loss-of-function variant in the PLA2G7 gene resulting in 50% lower activity for each copy of the variant, is common in East Asians and associated with risk of Vascular diseases. PMID: 26791069
  48. It is assumed that Lp-PLA2 is involved in vascular calcification and that dp-ucMGP is a more appropriate biomarker of residual risk than Lp-PLA2 itself. PMID: 25458708
  49. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 modulates TLR2 signaling in synoviocytes. PMID: 25893499
  50. Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 activity and apolipoprotein C3 loss-of-function variants are involved in cardiovascular disease PMID: 26117401

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Involvement in disease
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase deficiency (PAFAD); Asthma (ASTHMA); Atopic hypersensitivity (ATOPY)
Subcellular Location
Secreted, extracellular space.
Protein Families
AB hydrolase superfamily, Lipase family
Tissue Specificity
Plasma. Secreted by macrophages (at protein level).
Database Links

HGNC: 9040

OMIM: 147050

KEGG: hsa:7941

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000274793

UniGene: Hs.584823

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