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Direct ELISA Protocol
Materials
Bicarbonate/carbonate coating buffer (100mM)
Antigen or antibody should be diluted in coating buffer to immobilize them to the wells:
3.03g Na2CO3, 6.0g NaHCO3, 1000ml distilled water, pH 9.6.
PBS:
1.16g Na2HPO4, 0.1g KCl, 0.1g K3PO4, 4.0g NaCl (500ml distilled water) pH 7.4.
Blocking solution:
Commonly used blocking agents are 1% BSA , serum, non-fat dry milk, casein, gelatin in PBS.
Wash solution:
Usually PBS or Tris-buffered saline (pH 7.4) with detergent such as 0.05% (v/v) Tween20 (TBST).
Antibody dilution buffer:
Primary and secondary antibody should be diluted in 1x blocking solution to reduce Non specific binding.
Method
Dilute the antigen to a final concentration of 10µg/ml in PBS or other carbonate buffer. Coat the wells of a PVC microtiter plate with the antigen by pipeting 100µl of the antigen dilution in the top wells of the plate. Dilute down the plate as required. Seal the plate and incubate overnight at 4℃ or 2h at room temperature.
Wash plate 3 times with PBS.
Block the remaining protein-binding sites in the coated wells by adding 200µl blocking buffer, 5% non fat dry milk/PBS, per well. Alternative blocking reagents include BlockACE or BSA.
Cover the plate with an adhesive plastic and incubate for at least 2h at room temperature or, if more convenient, overnight at 4℃.
Wash the plate twice with PBS.
Add 100µl of the antibody, diluted at the optimal concentration (according to the manufacture's instructions) in blocking buffer immediately before use.
Cover the plate with an adhesive plastic and incubate for 2h at room temperature.
Wash the plate 5 times with PBS.
Dispense 100µl (or 50µl) of the substrate solution per well with a multichannel pipet or a multipipet.
After sufficient color development (if it is necessary) add 50-100µl of stop solution to the wells.
Record the absorbance at 450 nm on a plate reader within 30min of stopping the reaction.
Indirect ELISA Protocol
Materials
Bicarbonate/carbonate coating buffer (100mM)
Antigen or antibody should be diluted in coating buffer to immobilize them to the wells:
3.03g Na2CO3, 6.0g NaHCO3, 1000ml distilled water, pH 9.6.
PBS:
1.16g Na2HPO4, 0.1g KCl, 0.1g K3PO4, 4.0g NaCl (500ml distilled water) pH 7.4.
Blocking solution:
Commonly used blocking agents are 1% BSA , serum, non-fat dry milk, casein, gelatin in PBS.
Wash solution:
Usually PBS or Tris-buffered saline (pH 7.4) with detergent such as 0.05% (v/v) Tween20 (TBST).
Antibody dilution buffer:
Primary and secondary antibody should be diluted in 1x blocking solution to reduce Non specific binding.
Method
Dilute antigen to a final concentration of 1-20μg/mL using PBS or Bicarbonate/carbonate coating buffer. Coat the wells of a PVC microtiter plate with the antigen by pipeting 50µl of the antigen dilution in the top wells of the plate. Dilute down the plate as required. Seal the plate and incubate overnight at 4℃ or 2h at room temperature.
Wash plate 3 times with PBS.
Block the remaining protein-binding sites in the coated wells by adding 200µl blocking buffer, 5% non fat dry milk/PBS, per well. Alternative blocking reagents include BlockACE or BSA.
Cover the plate with an adhesive plastic and incubate for at least 2h at room temperature or, if more convenient, overnight at 4℃.
Wash the plate 3 times with PBS.
Add 100µl of diluted primary antibody to each well.
Cover the plate with an adhesive plastic and incubate for 2h at room temperature.
Wash the plate 4 times with PBS.
Add 100µl of conjugated secondary antibody, diluted at the optimal concentration (according to the manufacturer) in blocking buffer immediately before use.
Cover the plate with an adhesive plastic and incubate for 1-2h at room temperature.
Wash the plate 5 times with PBS.
Dispense 100µl (or 50µl) of the substrate solution per well with a multichannel pipet or a multipipet.
After sufficient color development (if it is necessary) add 50-100µl of stop solution to the wells.
Record the absorbance at 450 nm on a plate reader within 30min of stopping the reaction.
Sandwich ELISA Protocol
Materials
Bicarbonate/carbonate coating buffer (100mM)
Antigen or antibody should be diluted in coating buffer to immobilize them to the wells:
3.03g Na2CO3, 6.0g NaHCO3, 1000ml distilled water, pH 9.6.
PBS:
1.16g Na2HPO4, 0.1g KCl, 0.1g K3PO4, 4.0g NaCl (500ml distilled water) pH 7.4.
Blocking solution:
Commonly used blocking agents are 1% BSA , serum, non-fat dry milk, casein, gelatin in PBS.
Wash solution:
Usually PBS or Tris-buffered saline (pH 7.4) with detergent such as 0.05% (v/v) Tween20 (TBST).
Antibody dilution buffer:
Primary and secondary antibody should be diluted in 1x blocking solution to reduce Non specific binding.
Method
Coat the wells of a PVC microtiter plate with the capture antibody at a concentration of 1-10µg/ml in carbonate/bicarbonate buffer (pH7.4). Seal the plate and incubate overnight at 4℃ or 2h at room temperature.
Wash plate 3 times with PBS.
Block the remaining protein-binding sites in the coated wells by adding 200µl blocking buffer, 5% non fat dry milk/PBS, per well.
Cover the plate with an adhesive plastic and incubate for at least 1-2h at room temperature or, if more convenient, overnight at 4℃.
Add 100µl of appropriately diluted samples to each well. For accurate quantitative results, always compare signal of unknown samples against those of a standard curve. Standards (duplicates or triplicates) and blank must be run with each plate to ensure accuracy. Incubate for 90 min at 37℃.
Wash the plate twice with PBS.
Add 100µl of diluted detection antibody to each well.
Cover the plate with an adhesive plastic and incubate for 2h at room temperature.
Wash the plate 4 times with PBS.
Add 100µl of secondary antibody conjugated, diluted at the optimal concentration (according to the manufacturer) in blocking buffer immediately before use.
Cover the plate with an adhesive plastic and incubate for 1-2h at room temperature.
Wash the plate 5 times with PBS.
Dispense 100µl (or 50µl) of the substrate solution per well with a multichannel pipet or a multipipet.
After sufficient color development (if it is necessary) add 50-100µl of stop solution to the wells.
Record the absorbance at 450 nm on a plate reader within 30min of stopping the reaction.
