Recombinant Mouse Ammonium transporter Rh type C (Rhcg), partial

1. RhCG and H+ATPases are located within the same cellular protein complex in the kidney and this interaction is required for maximal urinary acidification by H+-ATPases, a prerequisite for efficient NH3 secretion and urine excretion of NH4+. PMID: 29054531
2. We characterized ammonia and ammonium (NH3/NH4 (+)) transport by the rhesus-associated (Rh) glycoproteins RhAG, Rhbg, and Rhcg expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We used ion-selective microelectrodes and two-electrode voltage clamp to measure changes in intracellular pH, surface pH, and whole cell currents induced by NH3/NH4 (+) and methyl amine/ammonium (MA/MA(+)). PMID: 26354748
3. investigated the renal adaptive response of acid excretory pathways to high-protein diets containing normal or low amounts of acid-producing sulfur amino acids (SAA) and examined how this adaption requires the RhCG ammonia transporter PMID: 24652796
4. Rh B Glycoprotein (Rhbg) and Rh C Glycoprotein (Rhcg) are identified as ammonia transporters. They are expressed in specific cell populations and membrane domains in distal renal epithelial cells, where they facilitate ammonia secretion. PMID: 24647713
5. Rhcg is critically important in the renal response to metabolic acidosis. in mice with intact Rhcg expression, metabolic acidosis does not induce maximal changes in PEPCK, NHE-3, and GS expression despite the presence of persistent metabolic acidosis. PMID: 24338819
6. highly expressed in specific cells in the male reproductive tract PMID: 23904565
7. hypokalemia increases collecting duct Rhcg expression, and this likely contributes to the hypokalemia-stimulated increase in urinary ammonia excretion, and its adaptive increases in phosphate-dependent glutaminase expression can compensate for the absence of collecting duct Rhcg. PMID: 23195675
8. Rhcg is critical for apical and basolateral ammonia transport in the mouse collecting duct PMID: 23281477
9. Rhcg expression in intercalated cells is necessary for the normal renal response to metabolic acidosis, contributing to both basal and acidosis-stimulated ammonia excretion. Adaptations in Rhbg expression occur in response to acid-loading. PMID: 20462967
10. Localization of the ammonium transporter proteins RhBG and RhCG in mouse kidney. PMID: 12388412
11. RhBG and RhCG are present in a major site of ammonia secretion in the kidney, i.e., the CNT and CD, in agreement with their putative role in ammonium transport. PMID: 12595489
12. RhCG immunoreactivity is present in bile duct epithelial cells, where it may contribute to ammonium secretion into bile fluid. PMID: 12730882
13. The expression of the ammonia transporter family members Rh B glycoprotein (RhBG) and Rh C glycoprotein (RhCG) in the mouse gastrointestinal tract. PMID: 15576624
14. These results strongly suggest that RhBG and RhCG transport ammonia by an electroneutral process that involves NH4(+)/H+ exchange resulting in net NH3 translocation. PMID: 16131648
15. RhCG-mediated transport is an electroneutral process that is driven by the NH4+ concentration and the transmembrane H+ gradient, effectively exchanging NH4+ for H+ in a process that results in transport of net NH3. PMID: 16563829
16. Review. Animal studies show Rhcg has a role in transmembrane NH3 or NH4+ transport in epithelial cells. PMID: 16563831
17. Review. Renal RhCG belongs to the Mep/Amt family of ammonium transporters & promotes bi-directional ammonium transport upon heterologous expression in yeast. Its role in ammonium excretion is being studied in knockout mice. PMID: 16564721
18. Review. In kidney, Rhcg immunoreactivity is exclusively apical. Rhcg is present in bile duct epithelia. In the gastrointestinal tract, Rhcg exhibits cell-specific, axially heterogeneous, and polarized expression. PMID: 16564723
19. RhCG expression enhanced the ammonium-induced initial alkalinization (related to NH3 influx)& secondary acidification (related to NH4+ influx). Sub-millimolar NH4+ concentrations induced inward currents in voltage-clamped RhCG-expressing cells. PMID: 16564724
20. a critical role for Rhcg in ammonium handling and pH homeostasis both in the kidney and the male reproductive tract PMID: 19020613
21. Rh C glycoprotein is present in both the apical and basolateral plasma membrane in the mouse kidney, where it is likely to contribute to renal ammonia metabolism. PMID: 19129254
22. This study concluded that collecting duct Rhcg expression contributes to both basal and acidosis-stimulated renal ammonia excretion, indicating that collecting duct ammonia secretion is, at least in part, mediated by Rhcg and not only lipid diffusion. PMID: 19321595
23. Rhbg and Rhcg may contribute to bronchial epithelial cell ammonia metabolism and suggest that they do not contribute to pulmonary carbon dioxide transport. PMID: 19429772

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KEGG: mmu:56315

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000032766

UniGene: Mm.10909