Recombinant Human Prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES)

1. study reveals that upregulation of PGES via TLR3 is critical for BM-MSCs-mediated immunosuppression by PGE2 secretion via the COX-2/PGE2 pathway. PMID: 29273868
2. Down-regulation of mPGES-1 has been noted in the infrapatellar fat pad of osteoarthritis patients with hypercholesterolemia. PMID: 29898737
3. we provide proof-of-principle of the benefits of targeting mPGES-1 in neuroblastoma, applicable to a wide variety of tumors. This non-toxic single drug treatment targeting infiltrating stromal cells opens up for combination treatment options with established cancer therapies. PMID: 29804818
4. In contrast to COX-2 inhibition, inhibition of mPGES-1 reduced vasoconstriction by increasing PGI2 synthesis. Targeting mPGES-1 could provide a lower risk of cardiovascular side effects, compared with those of the COX-2 inhibitors. PMID: 28675448
5. this paper focuses on recent studies that have demonstrated the involvement of mPGES-1 in pathological brain diseases--{REVIEW} PMID: 28458341
6. Studied iNOS(inducible nitric oxide synthase) activation thru mPGES-1 (microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1) signaling driven by EGFR (EGF receptor) in cancer progression models. PMID: 28257996
7. Rs5629CC is not only independent risk factor for symptomatic carotid artery or intracranial arterial stenosis, but is also independent risk predictor for neurologic deterioration in ischemic stroke patients. PMID: 28108096
8. COX-2 and mPGES-1-dependent synthesis of PGE2 contributes to a dedifferentiated aortic smooth muscle cell phenotype. PMID: 27159620
9. Several studies provide evidence that the expression of mPGES1 is regulated by a number of transcriptional factors and inducible in conditions of inflammation and hypoxia.[review] PMID: 27570080
10. The Genome Wide Area Study, using a phenotyping algorithm for asthma for data mining electronic medical records, identified four asthma susceptibility loci: 6p21.31, 9p21.2, and 10q21.3 in the European American population; and the prostaglandin synthase E gene (PTGES) at 9q34.11 in African Americans. Biologic support exists for genes at the 9p21.2 and 9q34.11 loci TEK, encoding the endothelial tyrosine in animal studies. PMID: 27611488
11. C-myc regulates mPGES1 expression by binding to the proximal promoter. C-myc transfection in HeLa cells up-regulates mPGES1 mRNA and protein expression. PMID: 27864144
12. COX-2 and mPGES-1 have roles in arachidonic acid regulation of inflammatory prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis PMID: 27177970
13. The identified amino acid residues can act as target sites for the design and development of drug candidates against mPGES-1 PMID: 27012893
14. These findings support the value of a prognostic and predictive role for mPGES1. PMID: 26801201
15. Data show that statins limit hepatic myofibroblasts proliferation via a cyclooxyegnase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) dependent pathway. PMID: 26477987
16. Data show that cyclooxygenase2 (COX2)overexpression induces prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES) through early growth response 1 (EGR1) in colorectal cancer cell lines. PMID: 26498686
17. mPGES-1 is downregulated via EGR1 and has a role in caffeine inhibition on PGE2 synthesis of HBx hepatocytes PMID: 26538827
18. results demonstrate that mPGES-1 is a target gene of defective mismatch repair in human colorectal cancer, with functional consequence PMID: 25817443
19. Altered expression of EP2 in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease contributes to deficient induction of IL-1RI, reducing the capacity of IL-1beta to increase COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression, which results in low PGE2 production PMID: 26560040
20. High levels of intra tumoral mPGES-1 is associated with poor prognosis. mPGES-1 after chemotherapy is associated with improved outcomes. PMID: 24771596
21. mPGES-1 in prostate cancer controls stemness and amplifies epidermal growth factor receptor-driven oncogenicity PMID: 26113609
22. Data suggest that, in organization of enzymes in post-translational endoplasmic reticulum, mPGES1 is likely co-localized with COX2 (cyclooxygenase-2) within a distance of 14.4 A; mPGES-1 is localized much farther from COX1 (cyclooxygenase-1). PMID: 25988363
23. mPGES-1 expression is positively correlated to hepatitis B virus X protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue. PMID: 25108236
24. the microsomal PGE2-synthase-1/PGE-receptor-4 axis is increased by smoking in human abdominal aortic aneurysms PMID: 24876670
25. This study clearly demonstrated that the human COX-2 linked to mPGES-1 is a pathway that, when mediated by the prostaglandin E receptor, is linked to promoting cancer growth in a chronic inflammatory environment PMID: 25139833
26. Data indicate that the Tibetan prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) haplotype (D4E/C127S) strikingly diminishes the interaction of PHD2 with heat shock protein 90 co-chaperone protein p23 (prostaglandin E synthase). PMID: 24711448
27. potential relevance of the COX-2/mPGES-1/EP-4 axis in the AAA-associated hypervascularization PMID: 24133193
28. COX-2 and mPGES-1 were highly expressed in PSC-associated CCA tissues and non-neoplastic BDECs in PSC, suggesting the involvement of COX-2 and mPGES-1 in cholangiocarcinogenesis. PMID: 23900502
29. microsomal PGES-1 (mPGES-1) is induced, and its expression is associated with beta-amyloid (Abeta) plaques in the cerebral cortex in human AD patients. PMID: 23553915
30. mPGES1 is a target gene of KLF5 in human breast cancer celsl PMID: 23913682
31. mPGES1 expression was associated with multiple malignant characteristics and enhanced tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma PMID: 23791007
32. Knockdown of NF-kappaB1 p50 by p50 siRNA significantly decreased acid-induced increase in mPGES1 expression. PMID: 23439561
33. Relationship between TLR4 and mPGES-1 mRNA in endometriotic lesions indicate that innate immunity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. PMID: 23252918
34. S. officinalis extracts and its ingredients carnosol and carnosic acid inhibit PGE(2) formation by selectively targeting mPGES-1. PMID: 22511203
35. Cyclooxygenase-2, not microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, is the mechanism for interleukin-1beta-induced prostaglandin E2 production and inhibition of insulin secretion in pancreatic islets PMID: 22822059
36. a tight cooperation between the EGF/EGFR and mPGES-1 leads to a significant tumorigenic gain in epithelial cells PMID: 22081067
37. Cyclooxygenase-2/mPGES-1 are expressed in the wall of human cerebral aneurysms and more abundantly so in ruptured aneurysms than in nonruptured. PMID: 22588264
38. NM 004878 NM 004878 PMID: 22342541
39. imidazoquinolines represent a novel structural class of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 inhibitors PMID: 22137787
40. IL-1 released by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells plays a key role in inducing the expression of COX-2 and mPGES-1 in fibroblasts. PMID: 22308510
41. identified two DNase I-hypersensitive sites within the proximal promoter near the Egr-1 element and a novel distal site near -8.6 kb PMID: 22260630
42. Data show a crosstalk between mPGES-1/PGE(2) and EGR1/beta-catenin signaling that is critical for hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID: 21743491
43. Over-expression of mPGES-1 was associated with tumorigenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 21645444
44. In meniscal cells from osteoarthritic knees, AGEs increased the production of inflammatory mediators, including PGE(2), COX-2 and mPGES-1 PMID: 21842276
45. microsomal prostaglandin-E synthase is normally expressed constitutively in human neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells but is up-regulated in Alzheimer's disease PMID: 18631945
46. The present study was aimed at addressing the hypothesis that the activated state of RhoA GTPase signals can trigger mPGES-1. PMID: 21907186
47. Treatment of Ca9-22 cells and HOK with oxLDL induced an up-regulation of IL-8 and the PGE(2)-producing enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal PGE(2) synthase-1. PMID: 21925143
48. Study of specific inhibitor binding sites of MPGES1 demonstrates the glutathione binding site and a hydrophobic cleft in the protein thought to accommodate the prostaglandin H2 substrate. PMID: 21805999
49. Study found that gene polymorphisms in PTGES might have not only a disease-predisposing impact but also a disease-modifying effect, as two SNPs within PTGES gene were related to early disease onset. PMID: 21448233
50. Tumor cell-induced COX-2 and mPGES-1 in human microvascular endothelial cells was strongly inhibited by the IL-1-receptor antagonist, indicating the important implication of tumor-derived IL-1 in this effect. PMID: 21277871

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HGNC: 9599

OMIM: 605172

KEGG: hsa:9536

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000342385

UniGene: Hs.146688