BST2 Antibody

1. The primary role of the S(52,56) residues of Vpu in antagonism of CD4, GaLV Env, and BST-2/tetherin is to recruit the SCF/betaTrCP ubiquitin ligase. PMID: 30347660
2. Studied role of bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) in gastric cancer (GC); results show BST2 is overexpressed in GC tissues and BST2 silencing inhibits cell proliferation and migration, partly by regulating NF-kappaB signaling. PMID: 29774441
3. The results establish tetherin as a key effector of the intrinsic immune defense against HIV-1, and they demonstrate that Vpu-mediated tetherin antagonism is critical for efficient viral spread during the initial phase of HIV-1 replication. PMID: 29324226
4. findings support the notion that NAbs can induce ADCC. They highlight that while BST2 antagonism by HIV promotes ADCC evasion, strategies aimed at restoring BST2 restriction could improve anti-HIV responses and potentially provide a means to eliminate reactivated cells in latent reservoirs. PMID: 27853288
5. BST2 likely mediates platinum resistance in nasopharyngeal cancer via NF-kappaB signaling PMID: 28617432
6. These data collectively suggest that the human parainfluenza virus type 2 V protein inhibits tetherin expression induced by several external stimuli. PMID: 28455649
7. These results suggest that tetherin antagonism by V proteins is common among the genus Rubulavirus. PMID: 28466381
8. High BST2 expression is associated with Esophageal, Gastric, or Colorectal Cancer. PMID: 26832883
9. Two additional regulators of BST2 constitutive ubiquitylation and sorting to the lysosomes: the E3 ubiquitin ligases NEDD4 and MARCH8, are reported. PMID: 28320822
10. Coimmunoprecipitation studies indicated that non-glycosylated tetherin is stabilized through the formation of a ternary SGTA/Vpu/tetherin complex. Although the results do not provide support for a physiological function of SGTA in HIV-1 replication, they demonstrate that SGTA overexpression regulates tetherin expression and stability, thus providing insights into the function of SGTA in endoplasmic reticulum translocation PMID: 27103333
11. Importantly, the authors demonstrate for the first time that the HIV-2 Env induces NF-kappaB activation in HEKappa293T cells. Furthermore, the anti-BST-2 activity of the HIV-2 Env is not sufficient to completely inhibit NF-kappaB activity. PMID: 29028477
12. Data revealed that under a nutrient deficient condition, CD317 functions as an anti-apoptotic factor through AIF-mediated caspase and autophagy-independent manner. PMID: 27444183
13. findings lead us to believe that BISPR and BST2 may regulate egress of HEV virions into bile in vivo. This system may also be used to scale up virus production in vitro PMID: 29091957
14. a non-canonical autophagy pathway reminiscent of LC3-associated phagocytosis contributes to Vpu counteraction of BST2 restriction. PMID: 27880899
15. Ebola virus GP1,2, the Ebola virus matrix protein VP40, and BST2 are at least additive with respect to the induction of NF-kappaB activity. PMID: 28878074
16. Studied the mechanism of viral budding and tethering mediated by human BST-2/tetherin using a model of BST-2 embedded in a membrane and used steered molecular dynamics to simulate the transition from the host cell membrane associated form to the cell-virus membrane bridging form. PMID: 28779494
17. Disruption of BST-2 dimerization offers a potential therapeutic approach for breast cancer. PMID: 28300825
18. identified WDR81 as a novel gene required for tetherin trafficking and degradation in both the presence and absence of Vpu PMID: 27126989
19. Among 32 HIV-2 ROD Env mutants tested, the authors demonstrated that the asparagine residue at position 659 located in the gp36 ectodomain is mandatory to exert the anti-tetherin function. PMID: 27754450
20. Despite the influence of rs919266 and rs9576 on BST2 expression being still undetermined, a preventive role by BST2 polymorphisms was found during HIV-1 infection. PMID: 26885809
21. The authors demonstrated that BST2 restricts the release of Japanese encephalitis virus whose budding occurs at the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, and in turn, Japanese encephalitis virus downregulates BST2 expression via envelope protein E. PMID: 28710958
22. These results suggest that BST2 plays an important role in the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and, because BST2 is expressed on the cell membrane, BST2 is a good therapeutic target for RCC. PMID: 28551621
23. findings show that BST-2 upregulation by IFN-beta and interleukin-27 (IL-27) also increases the surface expression of Env and thus boosts the ability of CD4mc to sensitize HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC by sera from HIV-1-infected individuals. PMID: 28331088
24. study found that tetherin expression on hematopoietic cells resulted in the specific reduction of Moloney murine leukemia virus cell-free plasma viremia but not the number of infected hematopoietic cells PMID: 28381565
25. The authors show that orthobunyaviruses viruses with human tropism (Oropouche virus and La Crosse virus) are restricted by sheep BST-2 but not by the human orthologue, while viruses with ruminant tropism (Schmallenberg virus and others) are restricted by human BST-2 but not by the sheep orthologue. PMID: 28628828
26. Thus, efficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 release from infected cells seems to play an important role in the spread of the virus in the human population and requires a fully functional Vpu protein that counteracts human tetherin. PMID: 27531907
27. BST-2 restricts influenza A virus release and is countered by the viral M2 protein. PMID: 28087685
28. IL8 might play an important role in the enhancement of BST2 and be involved in HBsAg eradication. PMID: 28363866
29. Antagonism of BST-2 is a conserved function of the env glycoprotein of primary HIV-2 isolates. PMID: 27681141
30. These data present the first example of an HIV-1 group O Vpu that efficiently antagonizes human tetherin and suggest that counteraction by O-Nefs may be suboptimal. PMID: 28077643
31. This is in contrast to the pandemic HIV-1 group M-specified BST2 countermeasure Vpu. PMID: 27581991
32. The authors show that while the conserved transmembrane-proximal Vpu hinge region residues have no intrinsic activity on the cellular distribution of Vpu in the absence of BST2, they regulate the ability of Vpu to bind to BST2 and, consequently, govern both BST2-dependent trafficking properties of the protein as well as its co-localization with BST2. PMID: 28288652
33. In this study, we addressed this question by analysing sLex expression together with two glycoproteins (BST-2 and LGALS3BP).Concomitant high expression of BST-2 with sLex defined a sub-group of patients with ER-negative tumours displaying higher risks of liver and brain metastasis and a 3-fold decreased survival rate PMID: 27176937
34. Studies demonstrate that the interaction Bst-2 and MT1-MMP, actually happens and the cytoplasmic tails, both the N-terminal domain of Bst-2 and the C-terminal domain of MT1-MMP, play crucial roles in the interaction. The interaction between Bst-2 and MT1-MMP is important in MT1-MMP regulating the tetherin activity of Bst-2 and also in Bst-2 regulating the activity of the MT1-MP/proMMP2/MMP2 pathway. PMID: 27240342
35. BST-2 and HIV-2 Env proteins interact through their ectodomain but residues involved are not clearly defined. In this study, we demonstrated the importance of the asparagine residue at position 659 in the HIV-2 gp36 ectodomain for the anti-tetherin function. This study also demonstrated the involvement of the HIV-2 Env cytoplasmic tail in this antagonistic role. PMID: 27754450
36. results herein demonstrated that IMB-LA could specifically inhibit the degradation of BST-2 induced by Vpu, and impair HIV-1 replication in a BST-2 dependent manner PMID: 26669976
37. BST-2 inhibits the the release of Hepatitis B virus particles. [review] PMID: 27396167
38. Combining these results suggests an important role for the Ebola virus glycoprotein glycan cap and membrane spanning domain in tetherin antagonism. PMID: 26516900
39. BST2 showed significantly elevated plasma levels and overexpression of BST2 in CRC tissues that correlated with poor survival of colorectal cancer patients. PMID: 26494939
40. Human parainfluenza virus type 2 V protein antagonizes tetherin by binding it and reducing its presence at the cell surface. PMID: 26675672
41. studies suggest that Vpu hijacks the FLNa function in the modulation of tetherin to neutralize the antiviral factor tetherin. PMID: 26742839
42. Using viral tethering, amino acid level insights into the function of BST-2 were identified. PMID: 26789136
43. BST-2 restricts Hepatitis B virus production at intracellular multivesicular bodies. PMID: 26119070
44. results shed light on the interaction between HIV-2 Env and tetherin, suggesting a physical interaction that maps to the ectodomains of both proteins and indicating a strong selection pressure to maintain an anti-tetherin activity in the HIV-2 Env PMID: 26248668
45. This study shows that through a targeted regulation of surface BST2, Vpu promotes HIV-1 release and limits plasmacytoid dendritic cells antiviral responses upon sensing of infected cells PMID: 26172439
46. The early evolution of antiviral activity together with the high topology conservation but low sequence homology suggests that restriction of virus release is the primary function of tetherin. PMID: 26401043
47. Our results suggest that CD317 expression might be of prognostic significance for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia PMID: 25973046
48. These findings support BST2 as a genetic susceptibility factor for HIV-1 acquisition by identifying a novel single nucleotide polymorphism association for rs13189798. PMID: 25985399
49. Vpu-mediated enhancement of HIV-1 release is uncoupled from Vpu-mediated tetherin degradation. PMID: 25360760
50. Our study suggests that the DNA methylation pattern and expression of BST-2 may play a role in disease pathogenesis and could serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer. PMID: 25860442

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HGNC: 1119

OMIM: 600534

KEGG: hsa:684

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000252593

UniGene: Hs.118110