PTGER2 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

1. EP receptor levels were enhanced in human PASMCs and in lung sections from PAH patients compared to controls. Thus, EP receptors represent a novel therapeutic target for treprostinil, highlighting key pharmacological differences between prostacyclin mimetics used in pulmonary arterial hypertension. PMID: 30103548
2. PGE2 produced by mesenchymal stem cells contributes to maintenance of self-renewal capacity through EP2 in an autocrine manner, and PGE2 secretion is down-regulated by cell-to-cell contact. PMID: 27230257
3. this study shows that prostaglandin E2 restrains human Treg cell differentiation via E prostanoid receptor 2-protein kinase A signaling PMID: 28963072
4. in breast cancer cells overexpression of S1P3 and its activation by S1P has pro-inflammatory and pro-metastatic potential by inducing COX-2 expression and PGE2 signaling via EP2 and EP4. PMID: 27616330
5. EP2 and EP3 receptors are involved in tolerance induction through IL-10 production by tol-DCs. PMID: 28630103
6. This is the first report that PGE2 -induced uPAR expression, which stimulates invasiveness of human gastric cancer AGS cells, is mediated by the EP2 receptor-dependent Src/EGFR/JNK1/2, Erk1/2/AP-1, and Src/EGFR/JNK1/2, Erk1/2/NF-kappaB cascades. PMID: 27377703
7. These results indicate that the ICL2 region of the EP2 receptor is its potential interaction site with Galphas, and that the aromatic side chain moiety at position 143 is a determinant for the accessibility of the ICL2 to the Galphas protein. PMID: 28336329
8. EP2 receptor activation protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis through down-regulation of p53. PMID: 27321910
9. that the expression of ERG in prostate cancer is linked to the expression of IL-6 mediated by the prostanoid receptor EP2 PMID: 27012192
10. mPGES-1 is downregulated via EGR1 and has a role in caffeine inhibition on PGE2 synthesis of HBx hepatocytes PMID: 26538827
11. Altered expression of EP2 in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease contributes to deficient induction of IL-1RI, reducing the capacity of IL-1beta to increase COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression, which results in low PGE2 production PMID: 26560040
12. Reduced EP2 receptor expression results in resistance to the antiproliferative effects of EP2 signaling in nasal polyp fibroblasts from subjects with AERD and support a role for EP2 signaling in the aberrant growth of nasal polyp tissue. PMID: 26051534
13. Intracellular EP2 prostanoid receptor promotes cancer-related phenotypes in PC3 prostate cancer cells. PMID: 25828575
14. In adjusted models, gestations were 3.3 days longer (95%CI 0.6, 6.0) for each interquartile range of PTGER2 DNA methylation. PMID: 24827772
15. data show a protective role for the PGE2 receptors EP(2) and EP(4) following osmotic changes, through the reduction of human mast cell activity caused by calcium influx impairment and MAP kinase inhibition. PMID: 25329458
16. mediates inhibitory effect of Prostaglandin E2 on nasal fibroblast migration PMID: 24980222
17. Overall, our results demonstrate that p53 is a negative regulator of aromatase in the breast and its inhibition by PGE2 provides a novel mechanism for aromatase regulation in obesity and breast cancer. PMID: 25634217
18. PGE2 markedly enhanced Huh-7 cell invasion and migration ability by upregulating the expression level of Snail protein, and EP2 receptor played an important role in this process. PMID: 24626807
19. Overexpression of EP2 was more observed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma than in the control group. Overexpression of EP2 ESCC tissues might play an important role in carcinogenesis and the progression of ESCC. PMID: 24883443
20. EP2/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway mediates the stimulatory effect of PGEs on angiogenesis essential for tissue injury healing via the induction of CREB activity and VEGF expression. PMID: 25059824
21. In Th17 cells, RORC repressed EP2 by directly silencing PTGER2 transcription, and knock down of RORC restored EP2 expression in Th17 cells. PMID: 24812667
22. The 15-PGDH gene is a MiTF-CX target gene in cervical stromal cells and is down-regulated by PGE2 through EP2 receptors. PMID: 24471568
23. human albumin solution infusions may be used to reduce circulating PGE2 levels, attenuating immune suppression and reducing the risk of infection in patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis or ESLD. PMID: 24728410
24. cyclic tensile force activates ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways, and induces COX-2 expression, which is responsible for the sequential PGE2 biosynthesis and release, and mediates the increase in BMP-2 expression at the transcriptional level. PMID: 24561081
25. Elastogenesis is spatially regulated by PGE-EP4 signaling in the ductus arteriosus. PMID: 24146253
26. Although human lung mast cells may express both EP2 and EP4 receptors, the principal mechanism by which PGE2 inhibits mediator release in mast cells is by activating EP2 receptors. PMID: 23786281
27. Data suggest that elevated PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) in peri-implantation uterine lumen stimulates conceptus PTGER2 expression, which in turn promotes trophoblast adhesion via integrins and synthesis/secretion of embryonic signal estradiol-17. PMID: 23861370
28. Loss of function of EP2- and EP4-mediated PGE2 signaling inhibits adhesion of human endometriotic epithelial and stromal cells through integrin-mediated mechanisms. PMID: 23242524
29. PGE(2) coordinates control of IL-23 release in a dose-dependent manner by differential use of EP(2) and EP(4) receptors in LPS-activated MoDCs. PMID: 23337716
30. The expression of the EP2 receptor and Bcl-2 was significantly increased. PMID: 23069790
31. Targeted interference of EP2/EP4 signal to RalA.GTP may provide benefit to patients diagnosed with advanced kidney cancer. PMID: 22580611
32. This review article presents a short overview of experimental approaches aimed at manipulation of signaling via EP2 and EP4 receptors that could have therapeutic utility. PMID: 22706114
33. HB9 binds to the prostaglandin E receptor 2 promoter and inhibits intracellular cAMP mobilization in leukemic cells. PMID: 23048027
34. Although EP2 methylation status is inversely correlated to expression levels in established breast cancer cell lines, we could not identify that such a correlation existed in tumour-associated stroma cells. PMID: 22929011
35. Single nucleotide polymorphism in PTGER2 associated with multiple adenomas. PMID: 22551900
36. Indomethacin has a potential antagonizing effect on human EP(2) receptors. PMID: 22329897
37. morin inhibited the production of NO and PGE(2). PMID: 22244821
38. This study suggested that antipsychotics showing association with PGE2-mediated respons. PMID: 22099390
39. EP2 receptor FuEP2/Ex2 may have a role in suppressing endometrial cancer cell growth PMID: 21419570
40. PGE2 induces IL-6 in orbital fibroblasts through EP2 receptors and increased gene promoter activity PMID: 21209948
41. Data show that inhibition of PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 suppresses expression and/or activity of MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7 and MMP9 proteins and increases expression of TIMP1, TIMP2, TIMP3, and TIMP4 proteins. PMID: 21111772
42. Data suggest that early embryonic signals may regulate fetal-maternal crosstalk in the human endometrium by inducing CXCR4 expression via the PGE-PTGER2-mediated induction of the EGFR, PI3K and ERK1/2 pathways. PMID: 20705717
43. Data demonstrate that down-regulation of PTGER2 and consequent PGE2 resistance are both mediated by DNA hypermethylation; increased Akt signal transduction is a novel mechanism that promotes DNA hypermethylation during fibrogenesis. PMID: 20889571
44. miR-16 and miR-21 are directly regulated by the transcription factor NF-kappaB and yet nicotine-promoted cell proliferation is mediated via EP2/4 receptors. PMID: 21081469
45. Prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP2 and EP4 regulated gene expression profiling in ciliary smooth muscle cells. PMID: 20551148
46. The mRNA levels of EP2 implicated pathways differed significantly in gliomas according to the histological type. PMID: 20382140
47. E prostanoid (EP) 2 and EP3 have roles in cAMP/protein kinase A- and PI3-K/Akt-dependent NF-kappaB activation during shear-induced interleukin-6 synthesis in chondrocytes PMID: 20516073
48. analysis of expression of serum vitamin D receptor, cyclooxygenase-2, and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in benign and malignant ovarian tissue and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and prostaglandin E2 in ovarian cancer patients PMID: 20304053
49. EP1 and EP4 subtypes of prostaglandin E receptors (but not EP2 and EP3 receptors) may be involved in regulation of paracellular permeability in differentiated Caco-2 cell cultures. PMID: 20484658
50. EP2 is a novel transcriptional target of Wnt3a in dermal papilla cells of human scalp hair follicles PMID: 20347274

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HGNC: 9594

OMIM: 176804

KEGG: hsa:5732

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000245457

UniGene: Hs.2090