Product Details

Purity

>97% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Endotoxin

Less than 1.0 EU/μg as determined by LAL method.

Activity

Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using human CCR3 transfected HEK293 cells is in a concentration range of 0.5- 2.0 μg/ml.

Target Names

CCL26

Uniprot No.

Q9Y258

Research Area

Immunology

Alternative Names

C-C motif chemokine 26; CC chemokine IMAC; CCL 26; CCL26; CCL26_HUMAN; Chemokine (C C motif) ligand 26; chemokine N1; Eotaxin 3; Eotaxin-3; IMAC; Macrophage inflammatory protein 4-alpha; MIP 4a; MIP 4alpha; MIP-4-alpha; MIP4a; MIP4alpha; SCYA 26; SCYA26; Small inducible cytokine A26; Small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys Cys) member 26; Small inducible cytokine subfamily A member 26; Small-inducible cytokine A26; Thymic stroma chemokine 1; Thymic stroma chemokine-1; TSC 1; TSC-1; TSC1

Species

Homo sapiens (Human)

Source

E.coli

Expression Region

24-94aa

Complete Sequence

TRGSDISKTC CFQYSHKPLP WTWVRSYEFT SNSCSQRAVI FTTKRGKKVC THPRKKWVQK YISLLKTPKQ L

Mol. Weight

8.4 kDa

Protein Length

Full Length of Mature Protein

Tag Info

Tag-Free

Form

Lyophilized powder

Buffer

Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered PBS, pH 7.4

Reconstitution

We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.

Troubleshooting and FAQs

Protein FAQs

Storage Condition

Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shelf Life

The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.

Lead Time

5-10 business days

Notes

Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Datasheet & COA

Please contact us to get it.

Description

This Recombinant Human CCL26 protein is an essential research tool for investigators in the field of immunology. This C-C motif chemokine 26, also known as CCL26, is expressed in E. coli, featuring the 24-94aa expression region of the full-length mature protein. The tag-free protein is supplied as a lyophilized powder, allowing for easy reconstitution with sterile water or buffer to facilitate a wide range of experimental applications.

Quality and performance are paramount for us, and our Recombinant Human CCL26 protein exhibits a purity of >97% as determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analysis. In addition, endotoxin levels are maintained below 1.0 EU/µg, as assessed by the LAL method. The protein demonstrates full biological activity in a chemotaxis bioassay using human CCR3 transfected HEK293 cells, with an effective concentration range of 0.5-2.0 μg/ml.

Over the years, numerous studies have explored the role of CCL26 in immune regulation. For instance, Garcia-Zepeda et al. (1996)^[1] initially identified CCL26 as an eosinophil-selective chemoattractant, and Komiya et al. (2003)^[2] later highlighted its role in allergic inflammation. Subsequently, Abonyo et al. (2010)^[3] showed that CCL26 contributes to eosinophil trafficking in the airways, and Ying et al. (2012)^[4] linked CCL26 with asthma pathogenesis. Taken together, these studies emphasize the importance of CCL26 in the immune system and its potential as a therapeutic target for immune-related diseases.

References:
1. Garcia-Zepeda EA, et al. Human eotaxin is a specific chemoattractant for eosinophil cells and provides a new mechanism to explain tissue eosinophilia. Nat Med. 1996;2(4): 449-56.
2. Komiya A, et al. CCL26/eotaxin-3 is more effective to induce the migration of eosinophils of asthmatics than CCL11/eotaxin-1 and CCL24/eotaxin-2. J Leukoc Biol. 2003;74(4): 611-7.
3. Abonyo BO, et al. Human eotaxin-3/CCL26 gene expression is regulated by DNA demethylation. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010;40(8): 1254-63.
4. Ying S, et al. Expression and cellular provenance of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and chemokines in patients with severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Immunol. 2012;181(4): 2790-8.

Target Background

Function

Chemoattractant for eosinophils and basophils. Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR3 which triggers Ca(2+) mobilization in eosinophils. Also acts as a ligand for CX3C chemokine receptor CX3CR1, inducing cell chemotaxis.

Gene References into Functions

Based on the ADEPT study data set, we report that airway mucosal expression of CCL26 was a robust discriminator of type 2 inflammation from healthy nonatopic subjects. Furthermore, airway mucosal CCL26 expression was best identified by using a panel of clinical biomarkers, including Feno values, bEOS counts, and expression of 2 novel markers, sCCL17 and sCCL26 PMID: 28089872
hypoxia-inducible factors activate the transcription of chemokine ligand 26 in cancer cells to recruit chemokine receptor 1-expressing myeloid-derived suppressor cells to the primary tumor PMID: 27228567
this study shows that expression of CCL26 is increased in eosinophilic myocarditis patients compared to chronic lymphocytic myocarditis patients PMID: 27621211
The reduction of circulating levels of MCP-4, eotaxin-3, and MIP-1beta could be one of the mechanisms by which bariatric surgery contributes to the reduction of cardiovascular risk in these patients. PMID: 27300476
Review: eotaxins (CCL11, CCL24, and CCL26) play key role(s) during symptomatic inflammatory responses raised in response to allergic crisis of allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis PMID: 26861136
Data show that the interleukins IL-4 and IL-13 are critical factors for the induction of eotaxin-3/CCL26 in the pancreas. PMID: 26418908
These results show a relation between CCL26 production by IL-13-stimulated bronchial epithelial cells , sputum eosinophil counts, and asthma severity. They also suggest a role for CCL26 in the sustained inflammation observed in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and reveal CCL26 as a potential target for treating patients with eosinophilic asthma that are refractory PMID: 25936567
The most potent inhibition of RANTES, eotaxin and eotaxin3 as well as MMP9 activity. PMID: 25323950
These findings indicate that eotaxin-3 is expressed in Chronic subdural hematoma fluid PMID: 24684589
these data suggest that CCL26 and CCL24 are likely involved in the pathogenesis of chronic nasal hypereosinophilia, with a complex cooperation and different involvement of the various members of eotaxin family. PMID: 24989688
CCL11, CCL24, and CCL26 are increased in TB patients; hence, it seems that TB suppresses Th1 and the classic function of macrophages subsequently by inducing the chemokines' expression PMID: 24600981
these data identify a contributory role for DNA methylation in regulating eotaxin-3 production in human allergic inflammation. PMID: 24323578
CCL11, CCL24, and CCL26 has a role in the recruitment of extravillous trophoblast into decidual tissue and vessels. PMID: 23477905
CCL26 is a more effective chemoattractant than CCL11 or CCL24 for eosinophils of asthmatics. All eotaxins induced the eosinophil migration from 0 to 6 h, but CCL26 triggered a second phase of migration between 12 & 18 h. PMID: 23532518
CCL1, CCL26, and IgE may be associated with pruritus in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. PMID: 22948508
elevated expression in the active lesions of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease PMID: 23607908
Oesophageal squamous cells from gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and Eosinophilic oesophagitis patients express similar levels of eotaxin-3 when stimulated by Th2 cytokines, and omeprazole blocks that eotaxin-3 expression. PMID: 22580413
PPIs, in concentrations achieved in blood with conventional dosing, significantly inhibit IL-4-stimulated eotaxin-3 expression in EoE esophageal cells and block STAT6 binding to the promoter. PMID: 23185525
Up-regulation of CCL2, CCL26, IL6 and LOXL2 genes in cancer cells are part of the common effects of cancer-associated fibroblasts on hepatocellular carcinoma cells PMID: 22739041
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, rolipram and RO-20-1724 have no effect on CCL26 expression in human primary bronchial epithelial cells. PMID: 22946025
Leukotriene D4 and interleukin-13 cooperate to increase the release of eotaxin-3 by airway epithelial cells PMID: 22952702
The level of eotaxin expression and inflammatory cell count were measured in the material from nasal brushing in healthy controls and in patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID: 22846146
Data show that that IL-4 signals through the Jak1, 2/Stat6 pathway in keratinocytes to stimulate CCL26 expression and this may provide an explanation for the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). PMID: 22226123
CCL26 but not CCL24 was elevated in bullous pemphigoid lesions. PMID: 21881593
The expression of AMCase, eotaxin-3, IL-13, and mRNA was significantly higher in patients with CRSwNP than in the control group. PMID: 21493274
these data link the up-regulation of the eosinophil chemotactic factor CCL26 in bullous pemphigoid to the lesional accumulation of activated eosinophils in the skin. PMID: 21985360
Serum eotaxin-3 is a sensitive and specific marker for the diagnosis of active Churg-Strauss syndrome suitable for routine clinical practice. PMID: 21266446
CCL26-directed small-interfering RNA (siRNA) treatments significantly decreased release of CCL5 (RANTES), CCL15 (MIP-1delta), CCL8 (MCP-2), and CCL13 (MCP-4). PMID: 19203252
Epigenetic regulation of the IL-13-induced human eotaxin-3 gene by CREB-binding protein-mediated histone 3 acetylation. PMID: 21325281
AMCase and eotaxin-3 may be important mediators in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. The increased AMCase and eotaxin-3 might lead to nasal polyp formation and growth. PMID: 21303604
CCL26 is an agonist for CX3CR1 and may play a dual role in allergic diseases by attracting eosinophils via CCR3 and killer lymphocytes and resident monocytes via chemokine receptor CX3CR1. PMID: 20974991
Serum CCL11 was increased in ulcerative colitis (UC) and less in Crohn's disease (CD), whereas CCL24 and CCL26 were increased only in UC. Colon expression of the CCL's was higher in UC vs. CD, and was induced by Th2 cytokines in colon epithelial cells. PMID: 21077277
interaction of eotaxins and CCR3 regulates the Th2-dominant tumor environment, which is closely related to the development of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma PMID: 20505746
The mean gene expression level for CCL11, CCL24, CCL26 was higher in skin changes of atopic dermatitis patients than in uninvolved skin. PMID: 20236835
data show that IL-4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma regulate CCL26 synthesis in human monocytic cells PMID: 20059579
promotes lung fibroblast migration PMID: 20143648
Expression is modulated by cytokines and glucocorticoids. PMID: 12061839
Pretreatment or co-treatment with each of the eotaxins augmented PMAtate-induced superoxide generation, concentration-dependent degranulation of eosinophil peroxidase, & potentiation of A23187-induced degranulation. PMID: 12192108
eotaxin-3 inhibits MCP-1-mediated responses, thus acting as a natural antagonist for CCR2, and promotes active movement of monocytes away from a gradient of eotaxin-3 PMID: 12689946
eotaxin-3 is the first human chemokine that features broadband antagonistic activities; may have a modulatory rather than an inflammatory function;may play an unrecognized role in the polarization of cellular recruitment by attracting Th2 lymphocytes PMID: 15039444
results suggest that types 1 and 2 IL-4 receptors and nuclear factor-kappaB may have a role in eotaxin-3 production in bronchial epithelial cells PMID: 15521376
CCL26 is major eotaxin synthesized and released by alveolar epithelial cells and is involved in autoregulation of CCR3 receptors and other eotaxins. This CCL26-CCR3 ligand-receptor system may be an attractive target in therapy of airway inflammation. PMID: 15863444
results demonstrate that epithelial eotaxin-3 is up-regulated in the context of a T helper 2 mediated inflammatory bowel disease via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 PMID: 16084752
In conclusion, these results suggest that viral airway infection may enhance interleukin-4-induced eotaxin-3 production through upregulation of the interleukin-4 receptor in airway epithelial cells. PMID: 16264039
association of eotaxin-3 polymorphisms in ulcerative colitis in Korean patients PMID: 16391516
results implicate eotaxin-3 as a critical effector molecule for eosinophilic esophagitis and provide insight into disease pathogenesis PMID: 16453027
Contributes to dermal and epidermal eosinophil infiltration in Th2-polarized skin inflammation in which interleukin-4 is produced. PMID: 17073866
Data suggest atherosclerotic inflammation may be a trigger for sclerosis in calcified stenotic aortic valves through upregulation TGF-beta, VAP-1, MIG and Eotaxin3, which is only partially inhibited by previous statin therapy. PMID: 17490641
The Th2 cytokine IL-4 preferentially stimulated eotaxin-3 expression. PMID: 17541284
Determination of eotaxin-3 levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction on paraffinized, formalin-fixed tissue may be a useful test in the differentiation of eosinophilic esophagitis from gastroesophageal reflux disease PMID: 17900656