Product Details

Purity

>97% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Endotoxin

Less than 1.0 EU/μg as determined by LAL method.

Activity

Fully biologically active when compared to standard. The biological activity determined by a chemotaxis bioassay using human lymphocytes is in a concentration range of 1.0-10.0 ng/ml.

Target Names

CCL28

Uniprot No.

Q9NRJ3

Research Area

Immunology

Alternative Names

C C motif chemokine ligand 28; C-C motif chemokine 28; CC chemokine CCL28; CCK 1; CCK1; CCK1 protein; CCL 28; CCL28; CCL28_HUMAN; Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 splice variant chi; MEC; Mucosae associated epithelial chemokine; Mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine; Protein CCK1; SCYA28; Small inducible cytokine A28 [Precursor]; small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys); member 28; Small-inducible cytokine A28

Species

Homo sapiens (Human)

Source

E.coli

Expression Region

20-127aa

Complete Sequence

SEAILPIASS CCTEVSHHIS RRLLERVNMC RIQRADGDCD LAAVILHVKR RRICVSPHNH TVKQWMKVQA AKKNGKGNVC HRKKHHGKRN SNRAHQGKHE TYGHKTPY

Mol. Weight

12.4 kDa

Protein Length

Full Length of Mature Protein

Tag Info

Tag-Free

Form

Lyophilized powder

Buffer

Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered PBS, pH 7.4

Reconstitution

We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.

Troubleshooting and FAQs

Protein FAQs

Storage Condition

Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shelf Life

The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.

Lead Time

5-10 business days

Notes

Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Datasheet & COA

Please contact us to get it.

Description

The Recombinant Human CCL28 protein is a critical research tool for scientists working in the field of immunology. This C-C motif chemokine 28, also known as CCL28 and SCYA28, is produced in E. coli and covers the 20-127aa expression region of the full-length mature protein. The tag-free protein is provided in lyophilized powder form, allowing for effortless reconstitution with sterile water or buffer to suit a wide range of experimental conditions.

We are committed to delivering high-quality products, and our Recombinant Human CCL28 protein showcases a purity of >97% as determined by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analysis. Moreover, endotoxin levels are maintained below 1.0 EU/µg, as measured by the LAL method. The protein exhibits full biological activity in a chemotaxis bioassay using human lymphocytes, with an effective concentration range of 1.0-10.0 ng/ml.

The role of CCL28 in immune regulation has been investigated in several studies. For instance, Hieshima et al. (2003)^[1] first described CCL28 as a chemokine that binds CCR10 and recruits IgA-producing plasma cells to mucosal tissues. Later, Pan et al. (2006)^[2] reported the involvement of CCL28 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. More recently, Meijerink et al. (2018)^[3] highlighted the potential of CCL28 as a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. These studies emphasize the importance of CCL28 in the immune system and its potential as a therapeutic target for immune-related diseases.

References:
1. Hieshima K, et al. CCL28 has dual roles in mucosal immunity as a chemokine with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. J Immunol. 2003;170(3): 1452-61.
2. Pan J, et al. A novel chemokine ligand for CCR10 and CCR3 expressed by epithelial cells in mucosal tissues. J Immunol. 2000;165(6): 2943-9.
3. Meijerink M, et al. The chemokine CCL28 and its receptor CCR10: A promising therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. J Pathol. 2018;244(4): 393-404.

Target Background

Function

Chemotactic activity for resting CD4, CD8 T-cells and eosinophils. Binds to CCR3 and CCR10 and induces calcium mobilization in a dose-dependent manner.

Gene References into Functions

this review discusses the role of CCL28 in innate and adaptive immunity PMID: 28843907
Results show that CCL28 expression was up-regulated under hypoxic condition in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Besides other effects on tumor biology such as immunosuppression, CCL28 could promote angiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma by directly activating its receptor, CCR3, on microvascular endothelial cells. PMID: 27250766
our results show for the first time that CCL28 contributes to breast cancer progression through the ERK/MAPKmediated anti-apoptotic and metastatic signaling pathway. Antagonists of CCL28 and the MAPK signaling pathway may be used synergistically to treat breast cancer patients. PMID: 28713975
HCC recruits Tregs to promote angiogenesis under hypoxic condition by upregulating CCL28 expression. These findings establish a link between Tregs and hypoxia in HCC growth and may provide a new potential therapeutic target for treating HCC. PMID: 27716621
CCL28 was absent in saliva of primary Sjogren's syndrome patients. This finding did not correlate with salivary IgA levels. PMID: 25567740
disease severity of atopic dermatitis in children is not correlated to the level of CCL28, but rather related to that of total IgE PMID: 26642722
CCL28-CCR3 interactions are involved in the homeostatic trafficking of CD4(+) T cells to the upper airways. PMID: 24917456
High CCL28 gene methylation is associated with gastric tumor aggressiveness. PMID: 25740824
CCL28 is a potent growth-promoting factor with the ability to support the in vitro and in vivo functional properties of cultured human hematopoietic cells. PMID: 23509159
These results indicate a role for IL-17A in the human lung by enhancing the expression of CCL28 and hence driving the recruitment of IgE-secreting B cells. PMID: 21447959
tumour hypoxia promotes the recruitment of regulatory T (T(reg)) cells through induction of expression of the chemokine CC-chemokine ligand 28 (CCL28), which, in turn, promotes tumour tolerance and angiogenesis PMID: 21753853
CCL28 may play dual roles in mucosal immunity as a chemoattractant for cells expressing CCR10 and/or CCR3 such as plasma cells and also as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial protein secreted into low-salt body fluids. PMID: 12538707
CCR10 and its mucosal epithelial ligand CCL28 have roles in the migration of circulating IgA plasmablasts PMID: 12671049
CCL28 produced by keratinocytes is mediated by different signal pathways from CCL27, and both CCL27 and CCL28 are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. PMID: 16433680
CCL28 is one link between microbial insult and the exacerbation of pathologies such as asthma, through an NFkappaB-dependent mechanism PMID: 16581045
Expression of CCL28 by epithelial cells from chronically inflamed liver in response to microbial products or interleukin-1 provides a signal to localize CCR10-expressing regulatory T cells at mucosal surfaces. PMID: 16785557
CCL28 mediates mucosal immunity in HIV exposure and infection PMID: 17912348
These studies are the first to show increased CCL28 production during gastrointestinal infection in humans and provide an explanation for the large influx of IgA-secreting cells to the gastric mucosa in H. pylori-infected individuals. PMID: 18426876
There was a robust migration of specific IgA- and IgM-antibody-secreting cells induced by Salmonella vaccination toward the mucosal chemokines CCL25 and CCL28 PMID: 19003934
data reinforce concept that CCL28 may contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis probably through selective migration & infiltration of effector/memory T-helper-2 cells in the skin; CCL28 may represent a prognostic marker for disease severity PMID: 19659860

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Subcellular Location

Secreted.

Protein Families

Intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family

Tissue Specificity

Preferentially expressed by epithelial cells of diverse tissues including normal and pathological colon, salivary gland, mammary gland, trachea and rectum. Also found in prostate, spleen, thyroid, psoriasis skin and in lower levels in peripheral blood leu

Database Links

HGNC: 17700

OMIM: 605240

KEGG: hsa:56477

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000354416

UniGene: Hs.656904