Recombinant Human Atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2) (Active)

Code CSB-CF004618HU
MSDS
Size $1620
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  • (Tris-Glycine gel) Discontinuous SDS-PAGE (reduced) with 5% enrichment gel and 15% separation gel.
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Product Details

Purity
Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Activity
Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized ACKR2 at 1 μg/ml can bind human CCL2, the EC50 of human CCL2 protein is 23.52-30.99 μg/ml.
Target Names
Uniprot No.
Research Area
Immunology
Alternative Names
ACKR2; CCBP2; CCR10; CMKBR9; D6; Atypical chemokine receptor 2; C-C chemokine receptor D6; Chemokine receptor CCR-10; Chemokine receptor CCR-9; Chemokine-binding protein 2; Chemokine-binding protein D6
Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Source
in vitro E.coli expression system
Expression Region
1-384aa
Target Protein Sequence
MAATASPQPLATEDADSENSSFYYYDYLDEVAFMLCRKDAVVSFGKVFLPVFYSLIFVLGLSGNLLLLMVLLRYVPRRRMVEIYLLNLAISNLLFLVTLPFWGISVAWHWVFGSFLCKMVSTLYTINFYSGIFFISCMSLDKYLEIVHAQPYHRLRTRAKSLLLATIVWAVSLAVSIPDMVFVQTHENPKGVWNCHADFGGHGTIWKLFLRFQQNLLGFLLPLLAMIFFYSRIGCVLVRLRPAGQGRALKIAAALVVAFFVLWFPYNLTLFLHTLLDLQVFGNCEVSQHLDYALQVTESIAFLHCCFSPILYAFSSHRFRQYLKAFLAAVLGWHLAPGTAQASLSSCSESSILTAQEEMTGMNDLGERQSENYPNKEDVGNKSA
Mol. Weight
46.9 kDa
Protein Length
Full Length
Tag Info
N-terminal 10xHis-tagged
Form
Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Note: We will preferentially ship the format that we have in stock, however, if you have any special requirement for the format, please remark your requirement when placing the order, we will prepare according to your demand.
Buffer
If the delivery form is liquid, the default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol.
Note: If you have any special requirement for the glycerol content, please remark when you place the order.
If the delivery form is lyophilized powder, the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose.
Reconstitution
We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.
Troubleshooting and FAQs
Storage Condition
Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Shelf Life
The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Lead Time
Delivery time may differ from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
Notes
Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.
Datasheet & COA
Please contact us to get it.

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Target Background

Function
Atypical chemokine receptor that controls chemokine levels and localization via high-affinity chemokine binding that is uncoupled from classic ligand-driven signal transduction cascades, resulting instead in chemokine sequestration, degradation, or transcytosis. Also known as interceptor (internalizing receptor) or chemokine-scavenging receptor or chemokine decoy receptor. Acts as a receptor for chemokines including CCL2, CCL3, CCL3L1, CCL4, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL17, CCL22, CCL23, CCL24, SCYA2/MCP-1, SCY3/MIP-1-alpha, SCYA5/RANTES and SCYA7/MCP-3. Upon active ligand stimulation, activates a beta-arrestin 1 (ARRB1)-dependent, G protein-independent signaling pathway that results in the phosphorylation of the actin-binding protein cofilin (CFL1) through a RAC1-PAK1-LIMK1 signaling pathway. Activation of this pathway results in up-regulation of ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. By scavenging chemokines in tissues, on the surfaces of lymphatic vessels, and in placenta, plays an essential role in the resolution (termination) of the inflammatory response and in the regulation of adaptive immune responses. Plays a major role in the immune silencing of macrophages during the resolution of inflammation. Acts as a regulator of inflammatory leukocyte interactions with lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and is required for immature/mature dendritic cells discrimination by LECs.
Gene References into Functions
  1. Data suggest that MIRN146b and MIR10b directly bind 3'-untranslated region of ACKR2 and down-regulate expression of ACKR2 in keratinocytes and in lymphatic endothelial cells, respectively. (ACKR2 = atypical chemokine receptor 2) PMID: 29279330
  2. ACKR2 is induced after traumatic brain injuries and has a significant impact on mortality and lesion development acutely following closed head injury. PMID: 29176798
  3. ACKR2 is a molecular regulator play a role in inflammatory changes in patients with psoriasis. PMID: 28010760
  4. Data indicates that D6 is concentrated on trophoblast cell membranes in pre-eclampsia, in line with higher circulating levels of D6-ligand chemokines, but its scavenging activity is affected by trophoblast cytoskeleton disarrangement. PMID: 27780270
  5. ACKR2 mediates chemokine scavenging by primary human trophoblasts. PMID: 25297873
  6. Data show the structural motifs in the atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2) are responsible for ligand binding, and suggest ACKR2-derived N-terminal peptides as being of potential therapeutic significance. PMID: 24644289
  7. Data show that low decoy receptor D6 expression correlated to more invasive tumors and that tumor location influences D6 expression, which is lower in the more distal parts of the colon. PMID: 24013383
  8. engagement of the ACR D6 by its ligands activates a beta-arrestin1-dependent, G protein-independent signaling pathway that results in the phosphorylation of the actin-binding protein cofilin through the Rac1-PAK1-LIMK1 cascade. PMID: 23633677
  9. co-expression of DARC, D6, and CCX-CKR significantly associated with higher survival in gastric cancer PMID: 23462454
  10. D6, which is upregulated in both inflammatory and tumor contexts, is an essential regulator of inflammatory leukocyte interactions with lymphatic endothelial cells(LECs) and is required for immature/mature DC discrimination by LECs. PMID: 23479571
  11. We here summarize the knowledge available today on D6 structural and signaling properties and its essential role for the control of inflammatory cells traffic and proper development of the adaptive immune response. PMID: 22939232
  12. CCL2 binding to primary adult human astrocytes is CCR2-independent and is likely to be mediated via the D6 decoy. PMID: 22226505
  13. D6 is expressed in AMs from patients with COPD, and its expression correlates with the degree of functional impairment and markers of immune activation. PMID: 22797410
  14. These data demonstrate a novel role for D6 as a regulator of the transition from uninvolved to lesional skin in psoriasis. PMID: 22867710
  15. Chemokine decoy receptor D6 limits CC-chemokine-dependent pathogenic inflammation and is required for adequate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. PMID: 22796582
  16. DARC and D6, the most studied members of this group of molecules, are reviewed. PMID: 21151196
  17. Chemokne D6 expression is higher in biopsies taken from more severe cardiac allograft rejection. PMID: 20404785
  18. D6 protein is found predominantly inside human choriocarcinoma-derived cells with only a small fraction available on the cell surface at any one time, yet it can progressively remove extracellular chemokines, without apparent desensitization. PMID: 20147628
  19. CCR10 is unlikely to be necessary for cutaneous homing of TH cells in the models studied here. CCR10 may instead play a role in the movement of specialized "effector" cutaneous TH cells to and/or within epidermal microenvironments. PMID: 12406880
  20. In lymphatic vessels D6 acts as a nonsignaling decoy receptor and scavenger for inflammatory CC chemokines, by clearing them and preventing excessive diffusion via afferent lymphatics to lymph nodes. PMID: 12594248
  21. CCR10 and its mucosal epithelial ligand CCL28 have roles in the migration of circulating IgA plasmablasts PMID: 12671049
  22. D6 is constitutively internalized via a ligand-independent, phosphorylation-independent association with beta-arrestin. PMID: 15084596
  23. We also propose that lymphatic endothelial cell-expressed D6 might have a distinct but complementary role in restricting inflammatory leukocyte access to the lymphatic vasculature. PMID: 16814608
  24. demonstrate the importance of proinflammatory CC chemokines in de novo tumorigenesis and reveal chemokine sequestration by D6 to be a novel and effective method of tumor suppression PMID: 17607362
  25. the heptahelical body of D6 on its own can engage the endocytotic machinery of HEK293 cells but that the C terminus is indispensable for scavenging because it prevents initial chemokine engagement of D6 from inhibiting subsequent chemokine uptake. PMID: 18201974
  26. Emphasis on two new players involved in regulating inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface: the long pentraxin PTX3 and the decoy receptor for inflammatory chemokines D6. PMID: 18676013
  27. D6 plays a negative role in the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. PMID: 18708360
  28. D6 expression is GATA1 dependent PMID: 18714007
  29. Genetic variations are associated with liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis C PMID: 18822328
  30. Immunohistochemistry on lung lymph nodes from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis showed that D6 expression was prominent in lymphatic endothelial cells, while CD68-positive macrophages did not stain for D6. PMID: 19446728
  31. D6 cooperates with CD26 in the negative regulation of CCL14 by the selective degradation of its biologically active isoform. PMID: 19632987

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Subcellular Location
Early endosome. Recycling endosome. Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Note=Predominantly localizes to endocytic vesicles, and upon stimulation by the ligand is internalized via clathrin-coated pits. Once internalized, the ligand dissociates from the receptor, and is targeted to degradation while the receptor is recycled back to the cell membrane.
Protein Families
G-protein coupled receptor 1 family, Atypical chemokine receptor subfamily
Tissue Specificity
Found in endothelial cells lining afferent lymphatics in dermis and lymph nodes. Also found in lymph nodes subcapsular and medullary sinuses, tonsillar lymphatic sinuses and lymphatics in mucosa and submucosa of small and large intestine and appendix. Als
Database Links

HGNC: 1565

OMIM: 602648

KEGG: hsa:1238

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000273145

UniGene: Hs.146346

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