Recombinant Human Fractalkine protein (CX3CL1), partial (Active)

1. this study shows that allergenic proteases cleave the chemokine CX3CL1 directly from the surface of airway epithelium and augment the effect of rhinovirus PMID: 28677664
2. Study demonstrated that CX3CL1/CX3CR1 was overexpressed in prostate cancer tissues with spinal metastasis compared with primary tumors. Overexpression of CX3CR1 increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Also, study observed that EGFR/Src/FAK pathway was activated by CX3CL1/CX3CR1. PMID: 30066854
3. The chemokine CX3CL1 was established as a central NF-kappaB target gene mediating therapy resistance. While no direct impact of CX3CL1 expression on cancer cell apoptosis was identified in co-culture assays it became apparent that CX3CL1 is acting in a paracrine fashion, leading to an increased recruitment of inflammatory cells. PMID: 29867042
4. TRAF1, CTGF, and CX3CL1 genes are hypomethylated in osteoarthritis PMID: 28470428
5. Low shear stress ( approximately 4.58 dyne/cm) for more than 1 h promoted Fractalkine expression and activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, p38, and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways by their phosphorylation. PMID: 29406386
6. The results strongly suggest that glutaminyl cyclase-catalysed N-terminal pyroglutamate formation of CX3CL1 is important for the stability or the interaction with its receptor and opens new insights into the function of glutaminyl cyclase in inflammation. PMID: 28739588
7. Serum fractalkine levels were significantly higher in the impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes groups compared to the normal glucose tolerance group. PMID: 29455547
8. Reduced fractalkine levels were found in follicular fluid and granulosa cells, accompanied by decreased progesterone production and reduced steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) expression in the granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Administration of fractalkine reversed the inhibition of progesterone and StAR expression. PMID: 27386819
9. The US28 gene product has maintained the function of the ancestral gene and has the ability to bind and signal in response to human CX3CL1, the natural ligand for CX3CR1. PMID: 28315475
10. we conclude that fractalkine may be involved in vulnerability of human carotid plaque PMID: 28677375
11. FKN concentrations are attenuated in girls with anorexia nervosa compared with healthy adolescents and are positively related to nutritional status. PMID: 27658415
12. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis plays a key role in the development of ischemia-induced oligodendrocyte injury via p38MAPK signaling pathway. PMID: 26189830
13. miR-223 controls the expression of CX3CL1 by targeting HDAC2 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and mouse models of the disease. PMID: 26864305
14. high levels of fractalkine in ectopic endometrium taken from patients with endometriosis promoted proliferation and invasion of endometrial stromal cells through activating AKT and p38 signal pathways PMID: 27553970
15. Amendment of the cytokine profile in macrophages subsequent to their interaction with smooth muscle cells: Differential modulation by fractalkine and resistin. PMID: 27180200
16. Soluble FKN that was efficiently shed from the surface of LPS-activated ECs in response to binding of CD16(+) monocytes to ECs, diminished monocyte adhesion in down-regulating CX3CR1 expression on the surface of CD16(+) monocytes resulting in decreased TNF-secretion. PMID: 27031442
17. Data indicate that patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) displayed higher serum levels of VEGF, endothelin-1 and s-Fractalkine, and that the s-Fractalkine levels positively correlated with CD34(+)CD45(-) endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) numbers. PMID: 28320472
18. FKN and CX3CR1 expression was significantly increased in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues, especially in the metastatic samples, and was highly-correlated with severity of PDAC. Ectopic expression of FKN promoted the proliferation and migration of PDAC, while knockdown of CX3CR1 reversed the function of FKN. PMID: 28986258
19. Fractalkine may be involved in both immunopathological and anti-viral immune responses to rhinovirus infection in asthma. PMID: 28859129
20. High CX3CL1 expression is associated with spinal metastases. PMID: 28122354
21. High expression of CX3CR1 correlates with significantly shorter survival, specifically in post-menopausal patients with advanced and terminal stages of the disease. Taken together, this support a key regulatory role for the fractalkine axis in advanced and relapsed peritoneal metastasis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. PMID: 27941884
22. changes in GSK-3beta activity and/or levels regulate the production and subsequent secretion of fractalkine, a chemokine involved in the immune response that has been linked to AD and to other different neurological disorders. PMID: 27832289
23. In conclusion, leukoplakia-associated fibroblasts produced and secreted less CX3CL1 by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway, thereby contributing to impaired cell resistance to Candida albicans. PMID: 27891323
24. Fractalkine-CX3CR1 signaling has been shown to protect neurons. PMID: 27814376
25. CX3CL1 exerts numerous effects on pathophysiological conditions that have both negative and positive consequences on pathogenesis and outcome [review] PMID: 27098399
26. XCL2 and CX3CL1 expression in lung cancers and adjacent non-cancerous tissues was detected by quantitative PCR and ELISA. The expression of XCL2 and CX3CL1 increases with increasing degree of malignancy, indicating that both chemokines might be important targets in gene therapy for lung cancer. PMID: 27156946
27. Recent works show that, in allergic diseases, there is an increased expression of fractalkine/CX3CL1 and its unique receptor CX3CR1 and that this chemokine does not act as chemoattractant. In allergic asthma, CX3CR1 expression regulates Th2 and Th1 cell survival in the inflammatory lung, while, in atopic dermatitis, it regulate Th2 and Th1 cell retention into the inflammatory site. [review] PMID: 27011244
28. Serum FKN may serve as a novel biomarker for assessing disease progression and a new potential therapeutic target for anti-resorptive treatment in osteoporosis patients. PMID: 27476376
29. FKN may serve as a reliable biomarker for evaluating disease severity in atopic dermatitis patients. PMID: 27098623
30. Post-transcriptional suppression of KSRP destabilizes CX3CL1 mRNA in liver epithelial cells. PMID: 26631623
31. CX3CL1 increased the migration and invasiveness of DU145 and PC-3, causing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. TACE/TGF-alpha/EGFR pathway activation and Slug upregulation were responsible for this. PMID: 26718770
32. Cell proliferation enhancing and anti-apoptosis activity requires the intracellular domain and apparently the dimerization of the transmembrane chemokine ligand. PMID: 26796342
33. CX3CL1 was expressed only by the normal and cancer adjacent normal fallopian tube epithelium; its expression was largely lost in the malignant fallopian epithelium. PMID: 26633537
34. Skin and serum CX3CL1 elevated expression was associated with psoriasis severity. PMID: 26586708
35. FKN enhances cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle progression in hypoxic prostate cancer cells. PMID: 26496926
36. CX3CL1(+) apo-MPs released by apoptotic cells mediate the chemotactic transmigration of alveolar macrophages. PMID: 24603149
37. Suggest that CX3CL1 participates in cross-talk mechanisms between endothelium and other muscle tissue cells and may promote a shift in the microenvironment toward a more regenerative milieu after exercise. PMID: 26632602
38. Report increased circulating fractalkine in STEMI patients, which was rapidly decreased after PCI. PMID: 26049921
39. This study found that CX3CL1 and TREM2, two genes related to neuroinflammation, were expressed at higher levels in brain regions with pronounced vulnerability to Alzheimer disease-related changes. PMID: 25596843
40. The interactions of CX3CL1, LEPR and IL-6 genes might increase the risk of coronary artery disease in Chinese Han population. PMID: 26191329
41. Fractalkine in synovial fluid and serum is reflective of symptomatic severity in knee osteoarthritis. PMID: 25692263
42. CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 may contribute to the formation of coronary atherosclerotic plaque in coronary artery disease PMID: 25845619
43. Forskolin-induced differentiation and syncytialization of the trophoblast cell line BeWo was accompanied with a substantial upregulation in fractalkine expression and led to increased adhesion of the monocyte cell line THP-1, which bound to syncytia. PMID: 25566740
44. Fractalkine signaling regulates macrophage recruitment into the cochlea and promotes survival of spiral ganglion neurons. PMID: 26558776
45. the results from the present study support the concept of the CX3CL1-mediated activation of the progression of the multiple myeloma via CX3CR1. PMID: 25962684
46. we suggest that increased maternal TNF-alpha may up-regulate the expression and release of placental fractalkine, which, in turn, may contribute to an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response in preeclampsia PMID: 25769431
47. Data show that US28 receptor binds with high selectivity and improved binding for the CX3C chemokine, CX3CL1. PMID: 26080445
48. data suggest that fractalkine contributes to lymphocyte shifts, which may influence development of MVO through the action of effector T cells. PMID: 26168217
49. In a CKD cohort, CX3CL1 levels were associated positively with several CVD risk factors and metabolic traits, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, as well as prevalent CVD and diabetes. PMID: 25795074
50. Fractalkine levels are elevated the first 12 h after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction, however, not correlated to infarct size. PMID: 24930044

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HGNC: 10647

OMIM: 601880

KEGG: hsa:6376

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000006053

UniGene: Hs.531668