Human Galectin-9(LGALS9) ELISA kit

1. Gal-9 intrinsically regulates B cell activation and may differentially modulate B cell receptor signaling at steady state and within germinal centers. PMID: 30120234
2. High GAL9 expression is associated with gastric cancer. PMID: 30106451
3. Gal-9 is a promising biomarker for allograft dysfunction, but unable to differentiate allograft rejection from other causes of renal dysfunction in kidney transplantation recipients PMID: 29310109
4. this study showed that blood level of galectin-9 increased during pregnancy PMID: 29205636
5. Gal-9 expression determined the DFS and OS of ovarian cancer patients in two opposing ways-moderate Gal-9 expression was correlated with a reduced outcome as compared to Gal-9 negative cases, while patients with high Gal-9 expression showed the best outcome. PMID: 29361803
6. these data indicate a novel role for galectin-9 in modulating innate immunity by inducing aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in CD103+ dendritic cells PMID: 28889122
7. Gal-9 was down modulated in stroma of patients with chronic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection. PMID: 28939284
8. T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3/galectin-9 (Tim-3/Gal-9) binding signaling can also engage other binding partners to induce distinct cellular responses [Review]. PMID: 29027155
9. the present study was the first to report the participation of Gal-9 in Chagas disease PMID: 28554765
10. The interaction between Gal-9/TIM-3 pathway and follicular helper cells contributed to viral persistent in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. PMID: 28772217
11. Our data reveal that Gal9 suppresses the growth of liver metastasis, possibly by inducing apoptosis through a mechanism involving mitochondria and changes in miRNA expression. Thus, Gal9 might serve as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer. PMID: 28656219
12. Exosomal total protein, Tim-3 and Galectin-9 were up-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer plasma. PMID: 29452091
13. Galectin-9, a soluble lectin expressed by T cells, endothelial cells and dendritic cells, binds to and retains PDI on the cell surface. PMID: 28810662
14. results suggested that Tim-3 and Gal-9 could downregulate T cell inflammation in Osteoarthritis PMID: 28393295
15. Results show that human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells possess a secretory pathway which leads to the production and release of soluble Tim-3 and galectin-9. Both proteins prevent the activation of NK cells and impair their AML cell-killing activity. PMID: 28750861
16. Significantly elevated Gal-9 levels were found in both minimal-mild (I-II) and moderate-severe (III-IV) stages of endometriosis in comparison with healthy controls. PMID: 29202955
17. We investigated tumor-infiltrating CD4 and CD8 T cells and the expression of PD-L1, Galectin-9, and XAGE1 in stage I to IIIA lung adenocarcinomas using a tissue microarray to deduce their contribution to overall survival, and our data showed that PD-L1 expression was a positive indicator, whereas Galectin-9 and XAGE1 expression was negative. PMID: 27799141
18. Tim3/Gal-9 alleviates the inflammation of TAO patients via suppressing Akt/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. PMID: 28756232
19. Low Gal-9 expression is associated with pancreatic and ampullary cancer. PMID: 28470686
20. Galectin 9 is a novel dectin 1 ligand in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Upon disruption of the dectin 1-galectin 9 axis, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, which are dispensable for PDA progression in hosts with an intact signaling axis, become reprogrammed into indispensable mediators of anti-tumor immunity. PMID: 28394331
21. X-ray structure of a protease-resistant mutant form of human galectin-9 having two carbohydrate recognition domains with a metal-binding site has been presented. PMID: 28687490
22. These findings may indicate that an increase in the Gal-9 level, a novel immune checkpoint molecule, can reflect immune-related adverse effects of various biotherapies. PMID: 28321034
23. Our data suggest a role of galectin-9 in regulating HIV transcription and viral production in vivo during therapy PMID: 27253379
24. these data suggest that the high Tim-3 expression in monocytes could be utilized by tumor-promoting Gal-9 expression on CD4(+) T cells PMID: 28466780
25. this study shows that in osteosarcoma patients, Tim3 expression did not directly mediate immune suppression, but the interaction between Tim3+ T cells and monocytes, naive CD4+ T cells, and Gal9-expressing CD4+ CD25+ Tregs could resulting in progressive suppression of Th1 responses PMID: 28103502
26. The human recombinant galectin-9 has demonstrated anti-cancer activities, including inducing apoptosis in hematological, dermatological and gastrointestinal malignancies. In this review, the molecular characteristics, history and apoptosis-inducing potential of galectin-9 are described. [review] PMID: 28045432
27. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge on the structure, receptors, cellular targets, trafficking pathways and functional properties of galectin-9 and discuss how galectin-9-mediated signalling cascades can be exploited in cancers and immunotherapies PMID: 27581941
28. this study shows that the levels of expression of Gal-9 on CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD56+ T cells and in serum in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are significantly higher than those of healthy controls PMID: 27394439
29. In a genetic analysis of heavy consumers of alcohol, the authors associated 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in LGALS9 with the development of advanced alcoholic liver disease. PMID: 26598225
30. The integrative analysis of galectins(Gal-1, -3, -4, -9) discriminated IBD from other intestinal inflammatory conditions and could be used as potential mucosal biomarker. PMID: 26891020
31. Gal-9 suppresses the growth of GBC, possibly by inducing apoptosis and altering miRNA expression PMID: 26797414
32. The expression of Galectin-9 mRNA has a close relationship with pathological differentiation, tumor staging, and recurrence metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma PMID: 26823850
33. The Gal-9/Tim-3 signal is important for the regulation of decidua NK cells function, which is beneficial for the maintenance of a normal pregnancy. PMID: 25578313
34. Gal-9 suppressed T-helper 17 (Th17) and expanded regulatory T cells (Tregs), resulting in decreased IL-17 production and increased secretion of TGF-beta1 PMID: 26663989
35. an abnormal Tim-3/Gal-9 pathway was able to facilitate the development of preeclampsia. PMID: 26342682
36. Galectin-9 stimulated migration in human NK-92 cells by affecting F-actin polarization through the Rho/ROCK1 signaling pathway. PMID: 27028892
37. may contribute to elevated galectin-9 and adaptive immune inhibition in hepatitis C virus infection PMID: 26475932
38. TIM-3 and its ligand, galectin-9 (Gal-9), constitute an autocrine loop critical for leukemic stem cells self-renewal and development of human acute myeloid leukemia. PMID: 26279267
39. Galectin-9 is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease.Graves' disease is associated with a defective expression of the immune regulatory molecule galectin-9 in antigen-presenting dendritic cells. PMID: 25880730
40. Study found that LGALS9 was expressed in 68.4% of the human gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and Tim-3 in the infiltrated NK cells of 68.4% of GISTs and suggest that Tim-3/LGALS9 pathway may be involved in the immune checkpoint mechanism of GISTs. PMID: 26239720
41. We also observed that the Gal-9/miR-22 axis may influence lymphocyte apoptosis and tumor cell proliferation. These studies contribute to a further understanding of the microRNAmediated regulation of the Gal-9 pathway . PMID: 26239725
42. These results indicate the possibility that cooperative binding of oligosaccharide and neighboring polypeptide structures of monoclonal IgE to galectin-9 affects the overall affinity and specificity of the IgE-lectin interaction. PMID: 26582205
43. These findings suggest that Gal-9 can be a candidate of therapeutic target in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma PMID: 26260906
44. the increased expression may be helpful to differentiate of oral squamous cell carcinoma from oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus PMID: 25956455
45. Data show that dengue virus (DV) infection specifically increased mRNA and protein levels of galectin-9 (Gal-9). PMID: 25754930
46. Participation of TIM-3 and its ligand (galectin-9) in the pathogenesis of active generalized vitiligo PMID: 25784621
47. Results show that galectin-9 inhibited the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by apoptosis, but not cell cycle arrest. Its antitumor effect is mediated by miR1246. PMID: 25823465
48. Gal-9 expression is a potential independent prognostic factor for OS and RFS in patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma PMID: 25716202
49. Tim-3, which specifically expresses on LSCs, is beneficial for LSCs survival and AML progression by promoting expansion of MDSCs and differentiating into TAMs at the leukemia site PMID: 24639110
50. Gal-9 as a novel component of the first wave of the cytokine storm in acute HIV infection that is sustained at elevated levels in virally suppressed subjects PMID: 24786365

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HGNC: 6570

OMIM: 601879

KEGG: hsa:3965

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000378856

UniGene: Hs.81337