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Usage
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Plays fundamental roles in nuclear assembly, chromatin organization, gene expression and gonad development. May potently compress chromatin structure and be involved in membrane recruitment and chromatin decondensation during nuclear assembly. Contains 2 non-specific dsDNA-binding sites which may promote DNA cross-bridging.; (Microbial infection) Exploited by retroviruses for inhibiting self-destructing autointegration of retroviral DNA, thereby promoting integration of viral DNA into the host chromosome. EMD and BAF are cooperative cofactors of HIV-1 infection. Association of EMD with the viral DNA requires the presence of BAF and viral integrase. The association of viral DNA with chromatin requires the presence of BAF and EMD.; (Microbial infection) In case of poxvirus infection, has an antiviral activity by blocking viral DNA replication.
Gene References into Functions
BAF and BAF-L might contribute to the shaping of the spermatozoon nucleus and, after fertilisation, its transition to the male pronucleus. PMID: 28684548
we demonstrate that BAF is necessary to modulate prelamin A effects on chromatin structure PMID: 26701887
Findings support the value of using BioID to identify unrecognized constituents of distinct subcellular compartments refractory to biochemical isolation and reveal VRK2A as a transmembrane kinase in the NE that regulates BAF. PMID: 28637768
It has been concluded that the LEM domain, responsible for binding to the chromatin protein BAF, undergoes a conformational change during self-assembly of emerin N-terminal region. PMID: 27960036
antiviral capabilities of the barrier to autointegration factor (BAF/BANF1) and how its function and regulation places BAF at the junction of multiple pathways protecting a cell's genetic integrity PMID: 26842478
The findings unveil a unique mechanism where the nuclear periphery proteins lamin-A/C, LAP2alpha and BAF1 are assembled into a protein complex during mitosis in order to regulate assembly and positioning of the mitotic spindle. PMID: 26092935
results demonstrate a novel function of BAF as an epigenetic regulator of HSV lytic infection; hypothesize that BAF facilitates Herpes Simplex Virus IE and E gene expression by recruiting the SETD1A methyltransferase to viral IE and E gene promoters PMID: 26015494
Vaccinia virus B1 kinase is needed for multiple critical junctures in the poxviral life cycle in a manner that is both dependent on and independent of BAF. PMID: 26223647
BAF is a cytosolic DNA sensor that leads to exogenous DNA avoiding autophagy. PMID: 25991860
These data suggest that VRK3-mediated phosphorylation of BAF may facilitate DNA replication or gene expression by facilitating the dissociation of nuclear envelope proteins and chromatin during interphase. PMID: 25899223
Association of emerin with nuclear BAF in cells required the LEM domain (residues 1-47). PMID: 25052089
The BANF1, alanine 12 threonine (A12T) mutant is impaired in its ability to bind DNA while its interaction with nuclear envelope proteins is unperturbed. PMID: 25495845
Altogether, these data demonstrate that phosphoregulation of BAF by viral and cellular enzymes modulates this protein at multiple molecular levels, thus determining its effectiveness as an antiviral factor and likely other functions as well. PMID: 24600006
Data indicate that the major phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylation of of BAF Ser-4 to be protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit. PMID: 24265311
Activation of BANF1 possibly suppresses S100A9 expression and inactivates c-Jun, resulting in suppression of cutaneous inflammation PMID: 23664529
Emerin and BAF associated only in histone- and lamin-B-containing fractions. The S173D mutation specifically and selectively reduced GFP-emerin association with BAF by 58% PMID: 24014020
The decrease in vaccinia virus transcription caused by loss of B1 kinase can be rescued by depletion of BAF. PMID: 23891157
The accumulation of wild-type prelamin A detected in restrictive dermopathy as well as the accumulation of mutated forms identified in familial partial lipodystrophy and mandibuloacral dysplasia affect the nuclear localization of BAF protein. PMID: 22935701
BAF associated in vivo with SET/I2PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor; blocks H3 dephosphorylation) and G9a (H3-K9 methyltransferase), but showed no detectable association with HDAC1 or HATs. PMID: 22127260
A single copy of normal BANF1 is sufficient to avoid the development of Nestor-Guillermo progeria syndrome. PMID: 21932319
The absence of direct binding of BAF to MAN1-C eliminates disruption of this interaction as the cause of the premature aging phenotype. PMID: 21966431
Data determined that the knockdown of Banf1 alters the cell cycle distribution of both human and mouse ESCs by causing an uncharacteristic increase in the proportion of cells in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle. PMID: 21750191
The authors demonstrate that the DNA binding and dimerization capabilities of BAF are essential for its function as an antipoxviral effector, while the presence of emerin is not required. PMID: 21880762
These nuclear abnormalities are rescued by ectopic expression of wild-type BANF1, providing evidence for the causal role of this mutation. PMID: 21549337
Cooperation of ATP-dependent remodeling, histone methylation, and kinase activation, followed by H1 displacement, is a prerequisite for the subsequent displacement of histone H2A/H2B catalyzed by PCAF and BAF. PMID: 21447625
These findings are supported by coimmunoprecipitation of prelamin A or progerin with BAF in vivo and suggest that BAF could mediate prelamin A-induced chromatin effects. PMID: 20581439
BAF and emerin have dynamic roles in genome integrity and might help couple DNA damage responses to the nuclear lamina network PMID: 19759913
The barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF)-binding domain of emerin is located at the emerin N-terminus (residues 70-178) and includes the LEM-domain. PMID: 11792821
BAF is required for the assembly of emerin and A-type lamins at the reforming nuclear envelope during telophase and may mediate their stability in the subsequent interphase. PMID: 11792822
BAF may have a role in regulating emerin-GCL repressor complexes PMID: 12493765
report that BAF protein is a component of preintegration complexes isolated from HIV-1-infected cells PMID: 12663813
HB and barrier-to-autointegration factor are the same protein PMID: 14523012
BAF protein was detected in activated but not resting CD4+ T-lymphocytes. BAF bound directly to both p55 Gag and its cleaved product, matrix. PMID: 14645565
Data describe the mobility of barrier-to-autointegration factor to its partners emerin, LAP2 beta, and MAN1 in the nuclear membrane of living HeLa cells. PMID: 15109603
LAP2alpha and BAF transiently localize to telomeres and specific regions on chromatin during nuclear assembly PMID: 15546916
BAF bridges DNA using two pairs of helix-hairpin-helix motifs located on opposite surfaces of the BAF dimer without changing its conformation. PMID: 16155580
phosphorylation at Ser175 regulates the dissociation of emerin from BAF PMID: 16204256
Ser-4 phosphorylation inhibits BAF binding to emerin and lamin A, and thereby weakens emerin-lamin interactions during both mitosis and interphase. PMID: 16371512
These results indicate that barrier-to-autointegration factor is required for the integrity of the nuclear lamina and normal progression of S phase in human cells. PMID: 17519288
We now show that BAF acts as a potent inhibitor of poxvirus replication unless its DNA-binding activity is blocked by B1-mediated phosphorylation. PMID: 18005698
analyses in human cells showed that barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF), assembled first at the distinct ;core' region of the telophase chromosome and formed an immobile complex by binding with NE proteins, such as lamin A and emerin. PMID: 18628300
Widely expressed. Expressed in colon, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, ovary, pancreas, placenta, prostate, skeletal muscle, small intestine, spleen and testis. Not detected in thymus and peripheral blood leukocytes.