Recombinant Human Proenkephalin-B (PDYN)

1. Genetic and epigenetic factors within PDYN are related to risk for alcoholism. PMID: 28336495
2. This study found a significant haplotype-by-sex interaction, suggesting association with alcohol dependence in males but not females. The findings suggest that sex-dependent effects of PDYN variants in alcohol dependence are phenotype-specific. PMID: 26502829
3. PDYN gene promoter polymorphism might contribute to familial-risk temporal lobe epilepsy. (Review, meta-analysis) PMID: 26489614
4. The results demonstrate that DYN 1-17 and certain N-terminal fragments, produced in an inflamed environment, play an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting NF-kappaB/p65 translocation. PMID: 27055013
5. Enhanced event-related potentials amplitudes suggest a hyper-active performance monitoring system in high PDYN expression individuals, and this might also be an indicator of a higher risk for internalizing disorders PMID: 26341936
6. This study generated the first mouse model for SCA23 and shown that mice expressing PDYN-R212W recapitulate many characteristics of the human phenotype of SCA23 PMID: 26169942
7. The present findings revealed a male-limited association between VNTR polymorphism and heroin dependence risk. PMID: 25048760
8. A genetic polymorphism of the endogenous opioid dynorphin modulates monetary reward anticipation in the corticostriatal loop. PMID: 24587148
9. REST represses PDYN expression in SH-SY5Y cells and the adult human brain and may have implications for mental health and brain/mental disorders. PMID: 25220237
10. This study demonistratedn that Neurocognitive and neuroinflammatory correlates of PDYN mRNA expression in the anterior cingulate in postmortem brain of HIV-infected subjects. PMID: 24405578
11. Data indicate that the minor allele of PDYN rs2281285 was associated with an increased risk of drinking to avoid/escape unwanted emotional or somatic events. PMID: 24223163
12. To investigate the frequency of SCA23 among the Chinese Han population, we performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA direct sequencing of the PDYN gene in 305 unrelated ataxia patients PMID: 22985506
13. Our data corroborates recent work that also showed that PDYN mutations only account for a small percentage (~0.1 %) of European spinocerebellar ataxia cases. PMID: 23471613
14. PDYN mRNA expression was reduced in the postmortem human amygdala nucleus of the periamygdaloid cortex in both heroin abusers & major depressive disorder subjects. PMID: 24231353
15. The sequence variation in the PDYN gene contributes to both alcohol dependence and the induction of negative craving in alcohol-dependent subjects. PMID: 23101464
16. Prodynorphin mutations are a very rare cause of spinocerebellar ataxia type 23. PMID: 23108490
17. In a cohort of multiple system atrophy patients PDYN mutations are a very rare cause of the disease in only a few patients. PMID: 23355175
18. [review] Studies of dynorphin's physiologic function in brain continue to provide powerful insights to the molecular mechanisms controlling mood disorders, drug addiction, and stress responses. PMID: 23152558
19. Cytosine methylation at CpG sites affects the conformational flexibility of short ssDNA molecules was shown by using PDYN (prodynorphin) fragments as model molecules. PMID: 22768096
20. These data show that polymorphisms in PDYN are associated with opioid addiction in European Americans and provide further evidence that these risk variants may be more relevant in females. PMID: 22443215
21. trauma may reveal a lateralization in the mechanism mediating the response of Dyn A-expressing neuronal networks in the brain PMID: 22468884
22. Human volunteers bearing the T allele of PDYN (prodynorphin) show reduced fear extinction. PMID: 22764240
23. findings clearly indicate a very low frequency of spinocerebellar ataxia type 23 (SCA23) caused by PDYN mutations in Germany PMID: 22243190
24. Prodynorphin expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be related to alcoholism, while in the hippocampus it may depend on the genotype. PMID: 21338584
25. allele. These results indicate that variation in the PDYN gene is associated with a dimensional trait or intermediate phenotype that reflects a preference for heavy drinking and engaging in related risky behaviors. PMID: 21736916
26. Three PDYN CpG-SNPs associated with alcoholism were found to be differently methylated in the human brain. PMID: 21521424
27. This study support the important role of PDYN polymorphism in heroin dependence. PMID: 21382455
28. The overall correlation between membrane perturbation and neurotoxic response suggests that pathogenic Dyn A actions may be mediated through transient pore formation in lipid domains of the plasma membrane. PMID: 21712028
29. Tissue-specific DNA methylation of the human prodynorphin gene in post-mortem brain tissues and PBMCs PMID: 20808262
30. These results further our understanding of the complex transcriptional regulation of the PDYN gene promoter. PMID: 20731629
31. PDYN mutations are identified in a small subset of ataxia families, indicating that SCA23 is an infrequent SCA type ( approximately 0.5%) in the Netherlands and suggesting further genetic SCA heterogeneity. PMID: 21035104
32. PDYN is present within alveolar macrophages and cancerous cells of lung cancer patients. PMID: 20376782
33. This study demenerdtrated that pronounced increases of prodynorphin mRNA expression in the dentate gyrus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy in comparison to controls. PMID: 19437412
34. Prodynorphin mRNA reduction could modulate endocrine and autonomic mechanisms in subjects with affective disorders. PMID: 11803449
35. results suggest that allelic variation at the promoter region of the prodynorphin gene, which may result in enhanced gene transcription, may contribute to relative protection and decrease individual vulnerability to develop cocaine dependence or abuse PMID: 11992566
36. The PFYN gene polymorphism alone does not alter the risk for schizophrenia, but may contribute to the genetic susceptibility. PMID: 12207142
37. Increased preproenkephalin-B mRNA expression, with subsequent elevations in opioid peptide transmission within the direct striatal output pathways, may underlie treatment-related dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease PMID: 14552886
38. dynorphin can signal information to the cell interior through neuropeptide translocation across the plasma membrane PMID: 15894804
39. Study provides new data regarding the potential role of the prodynorphin promoter variable nucleotide tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in cocaine dependence PMID: 16184603
40. positive natural selection altered the cis-regulation of human prodynorphin, the precursor molecule for a suite of endogenous opioids and neuropeptides with critical roles in regulating perception, behavior, and memory PMID: 16274263
41. PDYN repeat polymorphism should be studied in additional opioid-dependent populations. PMID: 16314761
42. A 3- or 4-repeat allele in the PDYN gene promoter, which was shown to produce significantly higher transcription activity of the PDYN gene than a 1- or 2-repeat allele, is a genetic risk factor for development of methamphetamine dependence. PMID: 16529859
43. Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains display robustly elevated levels of dynorphin A and no differences in dynorphin B and nociceptin compared to controls, suggesting a role for this neuropeptide in AD neuropathology. PMID: 16914231
44. Family-based analyses demonstrated associations between alcohol dependence and multiple SNPs in the promoter and 3' end of PDYN. PMID: 16924269
45. significant difference in grouped genotype frequency between the cocaine/alcohol-codependent group and the controls in African Americans, with genotypes containing longer alleles found at higher frequency in the codependent group PMID: 17559549
46. analysis of polymorphisms of proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN) genes in relation to heroin abuse and gene expression in the human striatum and the relevance of genetic dopaminergic tone PMID: 18184800
47. functional allelic variants in the PDYN promoter might modify the risk to develop temporal lobe epilepsy in subjects with familial predisposition PMID: 18334734
48. tendency towards association with the prodynorphin low expression (L) alleles was found in the small group of Autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy index cases PMID: 18355961
49. compared six single nucleotide polymorphisms of PDYN, showed that one is associated with cocaine addiction and/or cocaine/alcohol codependence vulnerability and that it is related to lower mRNA expression of the PDYN gene in the striatum PMID: 18923396
50. changes in prodynorphin gene expression and neuronal morphology in the hypothalamus of postmenopausal women; decreased dynorphin gene expression could play a role in the elevation in luteinising hormone secretion that occurs in postmenopausal women PMID: 19094085

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HGNC: 8820

OMIM: 131340

KEGG: hsa:5173

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000217305

UniGene: Hs.22584