SMN1 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

Code CSB-RA567382A0HU
Size US$210
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  • IHC image of CSB-RA567382A0HU diluted at 1:100 and staining in paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue performed on a Leica BondTM system. After dewaxing and hydration, antigen retrieval was mediated by high pressure in a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Section was blocked with 10% normal goat serum 30min at RT. Then primary antibody (1% BSA) was incubated at 4℃ overnight. The primary is detected by a Goat anti-rabbit IgG polymer labeled by HRP and visualized using 0.05% DAB.
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Product Details

Uniprot No.
Target Names
SMN1
Alternative Names
Survival motor neuron protein (Component of gems 1) (Gemin-1), SMN1, SMN2, SMN SMNT, SMNC
Species Reactivity
Human
Immunogen
A synthesized peptide derived from human SMN1
Immunogen Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Conjugate
Non-conjugated
Clonality
Monoclonal
Isotype
Rabbit IgG
Clone No.
8B10
Purification Method
Affinity-chromatography
Concentration
It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.
Buffer
Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
Form
Liquid
Tested Applications
ELISA, IHC
Recommended Dilution
Application Recommended Dilution
IHC 1:50-1:200
Troubleshooting and FAQs
Storage
Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
Lead Time
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
Description

To produce an SMN1 recombinant antibody for detecting human SMN1 protein, the SMN1 monoclonal antibody gene is first sequenced, and then the gene is cloned into a plasmid vector. The recombinant vector is introduced into a host cell line, and the SMN1 recombinant monoclonal antibody is purified from the cell culture supernatant using affinity chromatography. Finally, the purified antibody is tested and characterized. The SMN1 monoclonal antibody is derived from hybridomas that produce the SMN1 antibody. During the production of the SMN1 monoclonal antibody, a synthesized peptide derived from human SMN1 serves as the immunogen. The resulting SMN1 recombinant monoclonal antibody is recommended for use in ELISA and IHC assays.

SMN1 protein is responsible for the production of functional SMN protein, which plays an essential role in the assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). SnRNPs are critical components of the spliceosome, which is responsible for the removal of introns and the splicing of exons in pre-mRNA during gene expression. The SMN1 protein is involved in snRNP assembly by forming a complex with other proteins, including SMN2, Gemin2, and Gemin3, among others. The loss of SMN1 protein function leads to a decrease in functional SMN protein levels, causing the neurodegenerative disorder spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

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Target Background

Function
The SMN complex catalyzes the assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome, and thereby plays an important role in the splicing of cellular pre-mRNAs. Most spliceosomal snRNPs contain a common set of Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP (Sm core). In the cytosol, the Sm proteins SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG are trapped in an inactive 6S pICln-Sm complex by the chaperone CLNS1A that controls the assembly of the core snRNP. To assemble core snRNPs, the SMN complex accepts the trapped 5Sm proteins from CLNS1A forming an intermediate. Within the SMN complex, SMN1 acts as a structural backbone and together with GEMIN2 it gathers the Sm complex subunits. Binding of snRNA inside 5Sm ultimately triggers eviction of the SMN complex, thereby allowing binding of SNRPD3 and SNRPB to complete assembly of the core snRNP. Ensures the correct splicing of U12 intron-containing genes that may be important for normal motor and proprioceptive neurons development. Also required for resolving RNA-DNA hybrids created by RNA polymerase II, that form R-loop in transcription terminal regions, an important step in proper transcription termination. May also play a role in the metabolism of small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNPs).
Gene References into Functions
  1. A rare variant c.835-5T>G in intron 6 of SMN1 was identified in a patient affected with type I spinal muscular atrophy. PMID: 29799103
  2. Intron 2b-retained SMN transcript and intron3-retained SMN transcript were ubiquitously expressed in human cells and tissues. The intron-retained transcripts were mainly localized in the nucleus and decreased through non-nonsense-mediated decay pathway. PMID: 29580671
  3. overexpressed exogenous SMN1 at the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from a SMA patient using an rDNA-targeting vector PMID: 29209912
  4. Autosomal-recessive proximal spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffmann, Kugelberg-Welander) is caused by mutation of the SMN1 gene. PMID: 29478602
  5. While the above conclusions are firmly supported by the experimental data presented, we discuss and justify the need of deep proteomic techniques for the study of SMN complex components (orphan and bound) turn-over to understand the physiological relevant mechanisms of degradation of SMN and SMNDelta7 (SMN1 and SMN2)in the cell. PMID: 29292768
  6. Results report exon 6B, a novel exon, generated by exonization of an intronic Alu-like sequence from both SMN1 and SMN2, and validate the expression of exon 6B-containing transcripts SMN6B and SMN6BDelta7 in human tissues and cell lines. hnRNP C is shown to be a potential regulator of its expression and demonstrate that SMN6B is a substrate of nonsense-mediated decay. Also, an interaction of SMN6B with Gemin2 was found. PMID: 27481219
  7. Widespread intron retention and markers of the DNA damage response were observed with SMN1 depletion in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons. PMID: 28270613
  8. Study examined the effect of 2 mutations on SMN protein expression: a G-to-C transversion, leading to a tryptophan-to-serine substitution (p.Trp92Ser) in the Tudor domain; and a single thymine insertion between nucleotides 819 and 820 in exon 6 that causes a frameshift, changing all the amino acids of the C-terminal domain from the point of the mutation onward (p.Thr274Tyrfs). Mutations may affect stability and levels. PMID: 28366534
  9. The authors show by NMR spectroscopy that both RNA recognition motifs of hnRNP A1 can bind simultaneously to a single bipartite motif of the human intronic splicing silencer ISS-N1, which controls survival of motor neuron exon 7 splicing. PMID: 28650318
  10. Homozygous deletion of the SMN1 gene have been detected in more than 95% of spinal muscular atrophy patients PMID: 28981927
  11. The increases of the SMN1 and SC35 1.7-kb mRNA levels reached about 4- and 6.5-fold in fibroblasts. PMID: 29080838
  12. Loganin is capable of increas-ing the SMN protein level under SMN-deficient conditions both inin vitro and in vivo models of spinal muscular atrophy via Akt/mTOR pathway. PMID: 27241020
  13. Activation of a cryptic 5' splice site in transcripts derived from SMN1 reversed a pathogenic G-to-C mutation at the first position of intron 7. PMID: 28981879
  14. Mutation in SMN1 is associated with Spinal Muscular Atrophy. PMID: 28950212
  15. Research has shown that SMN, both on the mRNA and protein level, is highly affected by cellular stress. In this review we will summarize the research that highlights the roles of SMN in the disease process and the response of SMN to various environmental stresses. PMID: 28852871
  16. Ongoing research may yield other treatments, especially for children who have not responded to Spinraza. A gene therapy delivered by adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9) is designed to replace or correct SMN1 . Cure SMA is supporting research in this area as well as studies of small molecules that correct SMN2 splicing or spur it to produce more protein. PMID: 28328128
  17. In lesional SSc dermal fibroblasts, GKT-137831 reduced alpha-SMA and CCN2 protein overexpression and collagen gel contraction PMID: 29049376
  18. Carrier risks for individuals having two copies of SMN1 in SMA families with 2-copy alleles were deduced. A meta-analysis including large sample sizes from the Chinese population was performed in order to generate a solid data basis for this calculation. PMID: 27422779
  19. From the computational analysis, it is also possible that SMN's Lys45 and Asp36 act as two electrostatic clips at the SMN-Gemin2 complex structure interface PMID: 28570645
  20. our studies show that this G-motif represents a novel and essential determinant for axonal localization of the Anxa2 mRNA mediated by the SMN complex. PMID: 28258160
  21. Loss of SMN1 is associated with Spinal muscular atrophy. PMID: 26908606
  22. A rare variant in exon 7 of SMN1 in three patients affected with type I or type II SMA. Most of the SMN1 transcripts exhibited complete loss of exon 7 in vivo. The variant disrupts Tra2beta1 binding. PMID: 26419278
  23. These results establish that SMN overexpression in motor neurons slows disease onset and outcome by ameliorating pathological signs in this model of mutant TDP-43-mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). PMID: 27466204
  24. A long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that arises from the antisense strand of SMN, SMN-AS1, is enriched in neurons and transcriptionally represses SMN expression by recruiting the epigenetic Polycomb repressive complex-2. PMID: 28017471
  25. We show that genes of the classical apoptosis pathway are involved in the smn-1-mediated neuronal death, and that this phenotype can be rescued by the expression of human SMN1, indicating a functional conservation between the two orthologs. Finally, we determined that Plastin3/plst-1 genetically interacts with smn-1 to prevent degeneration, and that treatment with valproic acid is able to rescue the degenerative phenotype PMID: 27260405
  26. SMN functions as a natural inhibitor for IL-1beta-induced NF-kappaB signaling by targeting TRAF6 and the IKK complex. PMID: 28214532
  27. U12-dependent intron retention is induced upon siRNA knock-down of SMN1 in HeLa cells. PMID: 27557711
  28. Deletion in SMN1 gene is associated with spinal muscular atrophy. PMID: 27754957
  29. Itch monoubiquitinates SMN and monoubiquitination of SMN plays an important role in regulating its cellular localization. PMID: 26908624
  30. Data indicate that survival motor neuron 1 protein (SMN1) gene copy number can be precisely determined for the diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). PMID: 27577201
  31. SMN may assemble translational platforms associated with and governed by the plasma membrane. PMID: 26743087
  32. A strong correlation was observed between the SMN2 copy number and spinal muscular atrophy phenotype PMID: 27510309
  33. The results of this study show that, the plasmid containing UTR elements causes to twice more SMN gene expression in transfected cells. PMID: 26607476
  34. Data show that the coding sequence of survival of motor neuron 2 (SMN2) differs from that of survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) by a single nucleotide (c.840C>T) at codon 280 in exon 7. PMID: 26724723
  35. The Cajal bodies fail to recruit SMN and spliceosomal snRNPs, but contain the proteasome activator PA28, a molecular marker associated with the cellular stress response. PMID: 22302308
  36. PLS3 is a genuine spinal muscular atrophy protective modifier in SMN1-deleted individuals PMID: 26573968
  37. Measurements of SMN and PLS3 transcript and protein levels in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons show limited value as Spinal muscular atrophy biomarkers. PMID: 26114395
  38. The diverse a-SMN vs FL-SMN C-terminus may dictate different protein interactions and complex formation explaining the different localization and role in the neuronal compartment, and the lower expression and stability of a-SMN. PMID: 26214005
  39. SMN and symmetric arginine dimethylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain control transcriptional termination PMID: 26700805
  40. Among 43 identified patients with spinal muscular atrophy, 37 (86.0%) showed homozygous deletion of SMN1 exon 7. PMID: 26665550
  41. Study detected 3 small mutations in 4 patients without homozygous deletion of the SMN1 gene, suggested that about 4% of spinal muscular atrophy patients have subtle mutations and might be considered in laboratory examination PMID: 24563475
  42. SMN1 Gene Point Mutations in Type I-IV Proximal Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patients with a Single Copy of SMN1 PMID: 26606804
  43. investigate the oligomeric nature of the SMN.Gemin2 complexes from humans and fission yeast (hSMN.Gemin2 and ySMN.Gemin2) PMID: 26092730
  44. The copy numbers and gene structures of SMN1 genes were different in Chinese spinal muscular atrophy patients and healthy controls. PMID: 25888055
  45. This work both reveals a new autoregulatory pathway governing SMN expression, and identifies a new mechanism through which SMN can modulate specific mRNA expression via Gemin5. PMID: 25911097
  46. suggest that imaging flow cytometry technology has the potential for identifying SMN protein expression level and pattern as an evaluation tool of clinical studies PMID: 25264200
  47. successfully determined various gene dosages of SMN1 and SMN2 genes in homologous or heterologous subjects. By using the UFTPL-CE method, the SMN1 and SMN2 genes were fully resolved with the resolution of 2.16+/-0.37 (n=3 PMID: 24909772
  48. Findings are consistent with a role for SMN in myotube formation through effects on muscle differentiation and cell motility. PMID: 24760765
  49. cellular SMN proteins regulated miR-9 expression and that miR-9 expression was related to spinal muscular atrophy severity. PMID: 24751385
  50. Subtle mutation detection of SMN1 gene in Chinese spinal muscular atrophy patients: implication of molecular diagnostic procedure for SMN1 gene mutations. PMID: 25014214

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Involvement in disease
Spinal muscular atrophy 1 (SMA1); Spinal muscular atrophy 2 (SMA2); Spinal muscular atrophy 3 (SMA3); Spinal muscular atrophy 4 (SMA4)
Subcellular Location
Nucleus, gem. Nucleus, Cajal body. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic granule. Perikaryon. Cell projection, neuron projection. Cell projection, axon. Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, Z line.
Protein Families
SMN family
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in a wide variety of tissues. Expressed at high levels in brain, kidney and liver, moderate levels in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and low levels in fibroblasts and lymphocytes. Also seen at high levels in spinal cord. Present in osteoclasts and
Database Links

HGNC: 11117

OMIM: 253300

KEGG: hsa:6606

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000370119

UniGene: Hs.202179

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