FFAR3 Antibody, Biotin conjugated

Code CSB-PA008606LD01HU
Size US$166
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Product Details

Full Product Name
Rabbit anti-Homo sapiens (Human) FFAR3 Polyclonal antibody
Uniprot No.
Target Names
FFAR3
Alternative Names
FFAR3; GPR41; Free fatty acid receptor 3; G-protein coupled receptor 41
Raised in
Rabbit
Species Reactivity
Human
Immunogen
Recombinant Human Free fatty acid receptor 3 protein (280-346AA)
Immunogen Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Conjugate
Biotin
Clonality
Polyclonal
Isotype
IgG
Purification Method
>95%, Protein G purified
Concentration
It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.
Buffer
Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, PH 7.4
Form
Liquid
Tested Applications
ELISA
Protocols
Troubleshooting and FAQs
Storage
Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
Lead Time
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.

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Target Background

Function
G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by a major product of dietary fiber digestion, the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and that plays a role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and in intestinal immunity. In omnivorous mammals, the short chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate are produced primarily by the gut microbiome that metabolizes dietary fibers. SCFAs serve as a source of energy but also act as signaling molecules. That G protein-coupled receptor is probably coupled to the pertussis toxin-sensitive, G(i/o)-alpha family of G proteins. Its activation results in the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, the mobilization of intracellular calcium, the phosphorylation of the MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2 kinases and the inhibition of intracellular cAMP accumulation. Activated by SCFAs and by beta-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone body produced by the liver upon starvation, it inhibits N-type calcium channels and modulates the activity of sympathetic neurons through a signaling cascade involving the beta and gamma subunits of its coupled G protein, phospholipase C and MAP kinases. Thereby, it may regulate energy expenditure through the control of the sympathetic nervous system that controls for instance heart rate. Upon activation by SCFAs accumulating in the intestine, it may also signal to the brain via neural circuits which in turn would regulate intestinal gluconeogenesis. May also control the production of hormones involved in whole-body energy homeostasis. May for instance, regulate blood pressure through renin secretion. May also regulate secretion of the PYY peptide by enteroendocrine cells and control gut motility, intestinal transit rate, and the harvesting of energy from SCFAs produced by gut microbiota. May also indirectly regulate the production of LEP/Leptin, a hormone acting on the CNS to inhibit food intake, in response to the presence of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine. Finally, may also play a role in glucose homeostasis. Besides its role in energy homeostasis, may play a role in intestinal immunity. May mediate the activation of the inflammatory and immune response by SCFAs in the gut, regulating the rapid production of chemokines and cytokines by intestinal epithelial cells. Among SCFAs, the fatty acids containing less than 6 carbons, the most potent activators are probably propionate, butyrate and pentanoate while acetate is a poor activator.
Gene References into Functions
  1. FFAR2 and FFAR3 interact to form a heteromer in primary monocytes and macrophages via proximity ligation assay, and during heterologous expression in HEK293 cells via bimolecular fluorescence complementation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. FFAR2 and FFAR3 may interact to form a receptor heteromer with signaling that is distinct from the parent homomers. PMID: 28883043
  2. Data suggest that cytokines TNFalpha and interleukin-1b markedly reduce GPR120/FFAR4 expression in adipocytes; in contrast, these cytokines induce expression of GPR84 and GPR41/FFAR3 in adipocytes. These studies were conducted in adipocytes cultured from subcutaneous adipose tissue. (GPR = G-protein coupled receptor; FFAR = free fatty acid receptor) PMID: 28835131
  3. a single dose of soluble fibre was able to significantly reduce airway inflammation in stable asthma by downregulating GPR43 and GPR41 PMID: 28075383
  4. Short-chain fatty acids lowered TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 expression by reducing phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK in a GPR41/GRP43-dependent manner in renal cortical epithelial cells. PMID: 28322790
  5. Our data suggest that GPR42 be reclassified as a functioning gene and that recognition of sequence and copy number polymorphism of the FFAR3/GPR42 complex be considered during genetic and pharmacological investigation of these receptors. PMID: 26260360
  6. FFAR3 is expressed in pancreatic beta cells and mediates an inhibition of insulin secretion by coupling to Gi-type G proteins. PMID: 25581519
  7. a significant correlation between a higher body mass index and lower methylation in the promoter region of FFAR3 in type 2 diabetes and obesity patients PMID: 24325907
  8. Extracellular ionic locks determine variation in constitutive activity and ligand potency between species orthologs of the free fatty acid receptors FFA2 and FFA3 PMID: 23066016
  9. GPR41 activation inhibits histone acetylation and cell growth. PMID: 22884094
  10. Selective orthosteric free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) agonists: identification of the structural and chemical requirements for selective activation of FFA2 versus FFA3. PMID: 21220428
  11. characterization of GP41 in human tissue as a receptor for short chain fatty acids PMID: 12711604
  12. C2-C6 short-chain fatty acids, ligands of an orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR41, stimulate leptin expression in both a mouse adipocyte cell line and mouse adipose tissue in primary culture PMID: 14722361
  13. GPR41 and 43 mediate SCFA signaling in mammary epithelial cells and thereby play an important role in their stress management. PMID: 16887331
  14. analysis of conserved polar residues in transmembrane domains V, VI, and VII of free fatty acid receptor 2 and free fatty acid receptor 3 are required for the binding and function of short chain fatty acids PMID: 18801738
  15. Results suggest that GPR41 expressed in human colonic mucosa may function as a sensor for luminal short-chain fatty acids. PMID: 19574715
  16. Study presents evidence showing that the six amino acid differences, including that R/W174 are polymorphisms rather than gene-specific differences between GPR41 and GPR42. PMID: 19630535

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Subcellular Location
Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Protein Families
G-protein coupled receptor 1 family
Tissue Specificity
Highest level in adipose tissue, and lower expression across all tissues tested. Expressed in sympathetic ganglia.
Database Links

HGNC: 4499

OMIM: 603821

KEGG: hsa:2865

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000328230

UniGene: Hs.248055

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