Recombinant Drosophila melanogaster Protein toll (Tl), partial

1. The Toll pathway is dimorphic in genome-wide constitutive gene expression and in induced response to infection PMID: 29268741
2. Cic regulated spatially restricted expression of Toll/IL-1 signaling targets in Drosophila embryogenesis. PMID: 29432195
3. These data further establish a regulatory network where co-activation of Toll/NF-kappaB and EGFR signaling by reactive oxygen species levels in the posterior signaling center niche controls lymph gland hematopoiesis under parasitism. PMID: 29091025
4. These findings highlight a role for Sherpa in Drosophila host defense and suggest the SUMOylation-mediated regulation of dMyd88 functions in Toll innate immune signaling. PMID: 26508789
5. The crystal structure of a 1:1 (nonsignaling) complex of the full-length Toll receptor ectodomain (ECD) with the Spatzle cystine knot domain dimer, is reported. PMID: 24733933
6. The asymmetric binding mode of Spz to Toll is similar to that of nerve growth factor (NGF) in complex with the p75 neurotrophin receptor but is distinct from that of microbial ligands bound to the Toll-like receptors. PMID: 24282309
7. These results suggest a novel function of retromer in regulating Toll pathway and innate immunity at a step that modulates ligand processing or activity. PMID: 24343480
8. Using the Drosophila model and mutations in the Toll and Imd pathways, authors showed that neither pathway is required for expression of the dengue virus-blocking phenotype in the Drosophila host. PMID: 23986574
9. Crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of Toll. PMID: 23245851
10. The Toll pathway restrains Candida glabrata proliferation; however, wild-type flies containing C. glabrata systemic infections are unable to kill the injected yeasts. PMID: 23401590
11. This study reviews the Toll pathway in the current literature and compares Drosophila Toll and mammalian NF-kappaB pathways. PMID: 21209287
12. Data show that D-alanylated wall teichoic acid of S. aureus mitigates a Toll-mediated humoral response in Drosophila. PMID: 20639481
13. the Spatzle prodomain masks a predominantly hydrophobic region of Spatzle and proteolysis causes a conformational change that exposes determinants that are critical for binding to the Toll receptor PMID: 20378549
14. Is activated by Gram-positive bacteria through a circulating peptidoglycan recognition protein. PMID: 11742401
15. The Toll and Imd pathways are the major regulators of the immune response in Drosophila PMID: 12032070
16. The role of Pelle kinase and Twist in the Toll signaling pathway that specifies patterning thresholds of gene expression PMID: 12091311
17. signal transduction by the Toll protein requires heterotrimer formation PMID: 12351681
18. Gram-negative diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan is the most potent inducer of the Imd pathway and that the Toll pathway is predominantly activated by Gram-positive lysine-type peptidoglycan. PMID: 12692550
19. Results show that the directed expression of Vpu in fat body cells affects Drosophila antimicrobial responses, and that Vpu specifically affects Toll pathway activation by inhibiting Cactus degradation. PMID: 12973300
20. A genetic analysis was made of Tl to larval hemocyte concentration and the egg encapsulation response. PMID: 15082553
21. Multimerization may be a regulated, essential step for Toll-receptor activation. PMID: 15197269
22. The discovery of Toll as a key regulator of Drosophila immune responses and its implications for mammalian immunology are reviewed. PMID: 15229471
23. findings implicate Toll as a critical cell adhesion molecule in the alignment and migration of cardioblasts during dorsal vessel morphogenesis PMID: 15870289
24. results suggest that activation of Toll is an allosteric mechanism induced by an end-on binding mode of its ligand Spz PMID: 18347020
25. The Tl-->NFkB signaling actively promotes the process of human Alphabeta42 induced cell death and tissue degeneration in flies. PMID: 19088848
26. Spn5 is a regulator of the Toll pathway and CHMP2B toxicity and the Toll pathway is a major signaling pathway misregulated by mutant CHMP2B in vivo. PMID: 19581577

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KEGG: dme:Dmel_CG5490

STRING: 7227.FBpp0303187

UniGene: Dm.2347