Recombinant Human Cell cycle checkpoint control protein RAD9A (RAD9A)

1. The authors show that human Cyclin-Dependent-Kinases (CDKs) target the RAD9 subunit of the 9-1-1 checkpoint clamp on Thr292, to modulate DNA damage checkpoint activation. Thr292 phosphorylation on RAD9 creates a binding site for Polo-Like-Kinase1 (PLK1), which phosphorylates RAD9 on Thr313. PMID: 29254517
2. TLK1B mediated phosphorylation of Rad9 regulates its nuclear/cytoplasmic localization and cell cycle checkpoint PMID: 26860083
3. RAD9 has a prominent role in the ATR-Chk1 pathway that is necessary for successful formation of the damage-sensing complex and DNA damage checkpoint signaling. PMID: 26667770
4. these results demonstrate a positive feedback loop involving Rad9A-dependend activation of Chk1. PMID: 26658951
5. The role of Rad9 in homologous recombination is independent of its function in checkpoint activation, and this function is important for preventing alternative non-homologous end joining. PMID: 25485590
6. we found that H1299 cells with reduced RAD9 protein levels showed a higher frequency of radiation induced bystander micronuclei formation PMID: 25234738
7. These data reveal that human Rad9 interacts directly with N-terminal region of human MYH. PMID: 25127721
8. Downregulation of RAD9 when combined with ionizing radiation results in reduction of ITGB1 protein levels in prostate cancer cells, and increased lethality. PMID: 25111005
9. Loss of hrad9 expression is associated with breast and lung cancer. PMID: 24403312
10. These data suggest that v-Src attenuates ATR-Chk1 signaling through the inhibition of Rad17-Rad9 interaction. PMID: 24971543
11. Tousled-like kinase-dependent phosphorylation of Rad9 plays a role in cell cycle progression and G2/M checkpoint exit. PMID: 24376897
12. Loss of Rad9 alters expression of nucleotide excision repair factors. PMID: 23433811
13. Rad9, Rad17, TopBP1 and claspin play essential roles in heat-induced activation of ATR kinase and heat tolerance. PMID: 23383325
14. cyclin A-Cdk2 regulates apoptosis through a mechanism that involves Rad9phosphorylation PMID: 23028682
15. Rad9 contributes to prostate tumorigenesis by increasing not only tumor proliferation and survival but also tumor migration and invasion, anoikis resistance, and anchorage-independent growth PMID: 23066031
16. the affinity of Rad9 to TopBP1 correlates with the activation of the cellular DNA damage response and survival after DNA damage in HeLa cells. PMID: 22925454
17. A review of the many activities assigned to Rad9, and speculation as to which influence its function in tumor development. PMID: 22034047
18. The RAD9 is loaded to damaged sites where it serves as a platform for the selective recruitment of checkpoint and repair proteins. PMID: 21978893
19. Data indicate that association of RAD18 with DSBs through ubiquitylated H2A and other ubiquitylated chromatin components allows recruitment of RAD9. PMID: 21858012
20. Modulation of RAD9A and other cell cycle arrest and DNA repair proteins contribute to the risk of developing a second malignancy in childhood cancer patients. PMID: 21991345
21. When over-expressed in HeLa cells, a mutant Rad9 harboring phospho-deficient substitutions at both Ser-341 and Ser-387 residues causes hypersensitivity to UV and methyl methane sulfonate. PMID: 20545769
22. results emphasize the importance of Rad9A in preserving genomic integrity in the presence of catenated chromosomes and all types of DNA aberrations PMID: 20305300
23. Rad9A-mediated Claspin localization is a vital step during checkpoint activation. PMID: 20081369
24. These findings indicate that Rad9 is regulated by a c-Abl-dependent mechanism in the apoptotic response to genotoxic stress. (c-abl protein) PMID: 11971963
25. role of C-terminal region in nuclear transport of the hRad9 checkpoint complex PMID: 11994305
26. Protein kinase C-delta is responsible for constitutive and DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of this protein. PMID: 12628935
27. the Rad9 phospho-tail is a key participant in the transduction of downstream checkpoint signals PMID: 12709442
28. Characterization of nonphosphorylatable mutants has revealed that Rad9 phosphorylation plays a critical role in checkpoint signaling. PMID: 12734188
29. hRad9/hHus1/hRad1 complex acts as a checkpoint sensor during S phase by rapidly localizing to sites of DNA damage and transducing checkpoint responses by facilitating proper localization of downstream checkpoint proteins, including TopBP1. PMID: 12941802
30. HRAD9 and Mrad9 are part of a gene family and reveal a new genetic element encoding a product that interacts with multiple, known cell cycle checkpoint control proteins. PMID: 14500360
31. Data report the identification of Rad9, a key member of the checkpoint Rad protein family, as a coregulator to suppress androgen-androgen receptor transactivation in prostate cancer cells. PMID: 14966297
32. results suggest that the predominant role of Rad9 in embryonic stem cells is to promote survival after replicative stress and topoisomerase-mediated DNA damage PMID: 14988409
33. Rad9 stimulates the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase activity of the multifunctional protein CAD. PMID: 15326225
34. complex with rad1 and hus1 is a damage-specific activator of flap endonuclease 1 PMID: 15556996
35. Rad9 expression may play an important role in cell cycle control in NSCLC cells and may influence NSCLC cell phenotype PMID: 15558813
36. Rad9 plays critical role in the activation of S-phase checkpoint and the maintenance of chromosome stability. PMID: 15773892
37. The encoded mammalian proteins participate in promoting resistance to DNA damage, cell cycle checkpoint control, DNA repair, and apoptosis. PMID: 16365875
38. role for Rad9 in telomere stability and homologous recombinational repair as a mechanism for promoting cell survival after ionizing radiation exposure PMID: 16479004
39. Human NEIL1 DNA glycosylase activity is significantly stimulated by hRad9 and by the Rad9/Rad1/Hus1 heterotrimer. PMID: 17395641
40. Rad9 modulates the P21WAF1 pathway by direct association with p53. PMID: 17511890
41. Rad9 expression correlated closely to significance only with the apoptotic and mitotic indices in epithelial ovarian tumors PMID: 18156970
42. elements found in the aquaporin-5 and the Rad9 (radiation-sensitive 9) genes showed selective AR versus GR binding in band-shift assays and a strong activity and selectivity in functional assays, both as isolated elements and in their original contexts PMID: 18215141
43. Rad9 levels are high in prostate cancer cells due at least in part to aberrant methylation or gene amplification PMID: 18316588
44. up-regulated in breast cancer; mRNA up-regulation correlates with tumor size and local recurrenc;hyperphosphorylated forms of the protein inthe nucleus of the cancer cells PMID: 18616832
45. Disruption of the Rad9-MLH1 interaction by a single-point mutation in Rad9 leads to significantly reduced DNA mismatch repair activity. PMID: 18842633
46. Data show that the basic cleft of the RPA70 N-terminal OB-fold domain binds multiple checkpoint proteins, including RAD9, to promote ATR signaling. PMID: 18936170
47. Rad9 foci were predominately formed in G1 and S phase after UV light, while treatment of cells with ionizing radiation (IR) resulted in accumulation of Rad9 into foci in S and G2. PMID: 19411845

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HGNC: 9827

OMIM: 603761

KEGG: hsa:5883

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000311360

UniGene: Hs.655354