Recombinant Human Choriogonadotropin subunit beta 3 (CGB3 CGB; CGB5; CGB8)

1. risk for giving birth to a child with cerebral palsy was higher in women who did not have high hCG concentrations in the 1st trimester and low hCG concentrations in the 2nd trimester PMID: 30007247
2. The presence of hCGbeta positive tumor cells appears to potentially reflect the aggressive behavior of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma PMID: 30197330
3. Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit promoted the migration and invasion of CRC in vitro and in vivo but had no effect on the proliferation of tumor cells. PMID: 29357321
4. the results of this study provide novel evidence supporting a role of hCG in regulating the differentiation of peripheral FOXP3(+) Tregs, which affect the pregnancy outcomes of patients with a history of recurrent implantation failure PMID: 28044377
5. Serum hCG-beta levels of POD 12 and 14 and the fold increase of hCG-beta levels from POD 12 to 14 significantly predict pregnancy outcomes after fresh and frozen cycles. PMID: 27262839
6. Data indicate the diagnostic criteria of chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (beta-hCG) and alpha-Fetoprotein (alphaFP) in CSF and serum, which may advance the early and formal diagnosis of intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCTs). PMID: 26968839
7. All pregnancies with serious complications had serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels of 1.0-5.0 mIU/ml. PMID: 26702770
8. hCGB serum concentrations differed significantly between Asian and European women during the first trimester of pregnancy. PMID: 25858516
9. reveals a positive feedback loop between glial cells missing 1 and Human chorionic gonadotropin regulating placental hCGbeta expression and cell differentiation PMID: 26503785
10. For Down syndrome affected pregnancies, the median MoM of first trimester PAPP-A, PlGF, and AFP were significantly reduced, and free-beta-hCG were significantly elevated. PMID: 25846403
11. First trimester hCGbeta was not associated with placenta accreta. PMID: 24226752
12. Maternal serum hCGB was not associated with fetal open spina bifida. PMID: 24226839
13. Data suggest that low serum levels of hCGB/ADAM12 are biomarkers in diagnosis of continued incomplete spontaneous abortion; here, hCGB/ADAM12 indicate success/failure of single dose of misoprostol/oxytocic in treatment of early pregnancy failure. PMID: 26051455
14. Depending on its source of production, glycoforms of hCG display different biological activities and functions that are essential for pregnancy outcome.[review] PMID: 25707740
15. CGB was higher in pregnant women with chronic renal insufficiency compared to controls and women with renal disease and normal renal function. PMID: 25395363
16. Data suggest that initial serum beta-HCG levels in women after transfer of vitrified--warmed cleavage-stage embryos are lower than those after transfer of slow cooled--thawed cleavage-stage embryos. PMID: 25592975
17. Median free betahCG MoM in the control group was 1.04, and 1.08 (P = 0.859) in the placenta praevia group compared with 0.81 in the abnormally invasive placentation group (P = 0.06). PMID: 25639820
18. Case Report: Krukenberg tumor presenting as back pain and a positive urine pregnancy test due to elevated urinary CGB. PMID: 24708577
19. Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin is associated with gestational trophoblastic diseases PMID: 25275660
20. Time-to-pregnancy >/=24 months in spontaneously conceived pregnancies is associated with decreased levels of PAPP-A and free beta-hCG. PMID: 24338604
21. The concentration of cell-free beta-HCG mRNA in maternal plasma may be applicable to the prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta. PMID: 25063251
22. placenta-mediated adverse pregnancy outcome (PMAPO) before term but not PMAPO at term associated with elevated serum level in second trimester PMID: 25767942
23. no association between prior pre-eclampsia and first trimester pregnancy level PMID: 24304164
24. CGB - core fragment was isolated from the urine of women, pregnant with normal, molar and hyperemesis gravidarum pregnancies. Larger glycoforms were more abundant in the abnormal pregnancies. PMID: 24905406
25. In pregnant women with inherited thrombophilia, PAPP-A levels were significantly higher and fbHCG levels were lower during the first trimester. PMID: 23795618
26. During pregnancy, regulation of hCG beta subunit genes expression correlates with both methylation of their promoters and TFAP2A expression level. PMID: 25063728
27. Majority of the patients in 15 cases of hCG positive CSs without typical syncytiotrophoblastic cells showed elevated level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)in blood preoperatively. PMID: 24480432
28. may directly stimulate angiogenesis PMID: 24560494
29. Expression of beta-hCG may be seen in high-grade osteosarcoma, but frequent beta-hCG immunohistochemical expression by tumor cells, associated with clinically elevated serum beta-hCG, is rare. PMID: 24856811
30. Unlike the bovine c-terminal peptide of HCG-beta that lacks O-glycans and determinants for circulatory survival, human HCG-beta has extended plasma half-life. PMID: 24239648
31. results of the experiments showed that hCGbeta action leads to the increase in ERK and AKT kinases phosphorylation in cancer cells and indicate that these biological effects can be achieved independently of human chorionic gonadotropin presence PMID: 24554412
32. CGB genes 1 and 2, previously considered as pseudogenes, are notably expressed by epithelial cancer cell lines. PMID: 24778026
33. LC-MS/MS provided in-depth information on hCG variant composition of hCGn (99/642) and hCGbetan (99/692) and hCG variant specificity profiles and facilitated precise classification of the epitopes PMID: 24014048
34. Hyperglycosylated CGB is superior to traditional hCG for predicting pregnancy outcome after in vitro fertilization. PMID: 24355054
35. Initial human chorionic gonadotropin values did not predict treatment success in cases with complete hydatidiform mole. PMID: 24379071
36. hCG isoforms have potential roles as biomarkers of embryo viability for embryo/blastocyst transfer in infertility treatment. PMID: 23439616
37. Data suggest that hCGB is higher in vaginal washing fluid in cases and suspected cases of PPROM (preterm premature rupture of membranes) than in control subjects; thus, hCGB level in vaginal washing fluid may be diagnostic test/marker for PPROM. PMID: 23510392
38. Data suggest that during first trimester, women with ectopic pregnancies have lower blood levels of CGB, progesterone, and estradiol and higher levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone than normal pregnant women. PMID: 23148678
39. Increases in early beta-chorionic gonadotropin levels are slower in vanishing twins than in singleton and twin pregnancies. PMID: 23541408
40. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma and bone metastases diagnosed with paraneoplastic secretion of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG). PMID: 23337393
41. hCGbeta induced cell motility via promoting ERK1/2 phosphorylation and MMP-2 upregulation in human prostate cancer DU145 cells. PMID: 23424616
42. The depth of trophoblastic tissue infiltration into tubal wall in ampullary pregnancies is correlated with serum beta-hCG levels, but not with gestational age. PMID: 23011731
43. A complex neuroendocrine circuit exists in the retina, involving hCG secreting cells, hCG targets and hCG-release controlling cells. PMID: 23285091
44. Human CG not only acts as a chemoattractant of regulatory T (Treg) cells but also plays a central role in pregnancy-induced immune tolerance. PMID: 23396945
45. Elevation of serum human chorionic gonadotropin is associated with intratubular trophoblasts in the contralateral testis. PMID: 23136239
46. we showed that type 1 and type 2 beta-hCG are highly expressed by villous mononucleated cytotrophoblasts in the early first trimester PMID: 22811468
47. The serum levels of betahCG were significantly higher in pregnancies which subsequently developed preeclampsia. PMID: 22148978
48. Ethnic group-specific median for free beta-hCG should be incorporated during first-trimester screening for fetal Down syndrome;The equation of best fit for free beta-hCG was: predicted median free beta-hCG level=465.332x10(-0.024xgestational age in days) PMID: 22365285
49. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and free-beta-hCG values are gestational age specific. PMID: 22367671
50. analysis of candidate genes revealed four genes that influence fertility: CGB/LHB gene cluster (p = 0.0036), FSHR (p = 0.023), FST (p = 0.023), and INHB; none of the independent SNPs in these genes predicted mortality PMID: 21222045

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HGNC: 1886

OMIM: 118860

KEGG: hsa:1082

UniGene: Hs.172944