Recombinant Human Defensin alpha 5 (DEFA5), partial

1. The binding mechanisms of HD5 on lipopolysaccharide in comparison to a bare DMPC lipid membrane was studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. PMID: 30187138
2. Bifidobacterium infantis NLS super strain decreases Paneth cell counts and expression of alpha-defensin-5 in celiac disease. PMID: 27636409
3. Human alpha-Defensin-5 is a potential candidate biomarker to molecularly differentiate Crohn's colitis from ulcerative colitis, to our knowledge. These data give us both a potential diagnostic marker in Human alpha-Defensin-5 and insight to develop future mechanistic studies to better understand crypt biology in Crohn's colitis. PMID: 28817680
4. Different dynamics and pathway of disulfide bonds reduction has been demonstrated for two human defensins, HD5 and HBD-3. PMID: 28106297
5. These data support capsid stabilization and redirection to the lysosome during infection as a general antiviral mechanism of alpha-defensins against nonenveloped viruses. PMID: 28119475
6. Human adenovirus 3 produces large amounts of penton-dodecahedra (PtDd), virus-like particles, during replication, which also function in blocking of HD5. PMID: 28077642
7. no biologic differences between wild-type HD5 and its variants were observed on HD5 antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli PMID: 27160989
8. a moderately active linear peptide derived from the alpha-defensin HD5 can be engineered to enhance antimicrobial activity almost comparable to the native peptide. PMID: 26206286
9. The study used ion mobility coupled to mass spectrometry to track the structural changes in HD-5 upon disulfide bond reduction. PMID: 25970658
10. The study reports the screening of human defensin 5 against the Keio Collection of E. coli strains and shows how this important hostdefense peptide kills bacteria and how bacteria protect themselves against the attack from the human host. PMID: 25430675
11. Authors show that although NOD2 by itself can slightly up-regulate expression of HD5 and HD6, it can strongly down-regulates their expression during differentiation of the Paneth cell lineage mainly by inhibiting activation of the MAPK pathway. PMID: 25433720
12. HD5ox, at least in part, exerts its antibacterial activity against E. coli and other Gram-negative microbes in the cytoplasm. PMID: 25664683
13. These data support a model in which HD5 prevents furin from accessing human papillomavirus 16 L2 by occluding the furin cleavage site via direct binding to the viral capsid. PMID: 25540379
14. Enteric alpha-defensin HD5 and beta-defensin hBD2 shared similar toxin-unfolding effects with HNP1, albeit to different degrees. PMID: 25517613
15. our results highlight the potential contribution of altered alpha-defensin HD-5 expression in the formation of a viral/tumour-permissive environment in high-risk HPV infection and progression to cancer of the uterine cervix PMID: 25196670
16. DEFA5 displays antimicrobial activity against E. coli, E. aerogenes, B. cereus, and S. aureus. PMID: 15616305
17. Data indicate that cellular effects of defensin 5 involve interactions with the extra-cellular domain of tumor necrosis Factor 1. PMID: 24681099
18. Anti-HIV activity of human defensin 5 in primary CD4+ T cells under serum-deprived conditions is a consequence of defensin-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID: 24086683
19. This study considers the redox properties of HD-5 and reports that the reduced form, HD-5 red, is a zinc-ion chelator. PMID: 23841778
20. HD5 neutralizes JC polyomavirus infection by stabilizing the viral capsid and disrupting virus trafficking. PMID: 24198413
21. human alpha defensin 5 increases LGR stem cell migration into wound beds, leading to enhanced healing, bacterial reduction, and hair production through the augmentation of key Wnt and wound healing transcripts. PMID: 24165598
22. E-cadherin expression in squamous cells is reduced by HD-5 PMID: 23958301
23. Subnanometer resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of HD5 complexed with both neutralization-sensitive and -resistant human adenovirus chimeras, were determined. PMID: 23620768
24. study demonstrate that binding of integrin alphavbeta5 and alpha defensin 5 have opposite effects on the elastic response of adenovirus type 35, revealing a direct link between virus-host interactions and the mechanical properties of the capsid PMID: 23269786
25. structural analysis of human enteric alpha-defensin HD5 shows a crucial role for hydrophobicity at the dimer interface PMID: 22573326
26. Several arginine residues and tyrosine 27 are important for HD-5 antibacterial activity. PMID: 22354633
27. Defensins 5 and 6 enhance HIV-1 infectivity through promoting HIV attachment. PMID: 21672195
28. The hydrophobicity of regions 2, 9 & 10 was higher than in other regions. It was difficult for the HD molecule to have many conformations because of its 3 S-S bridges; however, it responds to various external factors by restricting conformation. PMID: 21873175
29. The concentrations of human defensin 5, HBD1, and HBD2 in vulvovaginal candidiasis patients were higher than in controls. PMID: 19080508
30. Statistical analysis of gene expression showed a distinction between regions 1 and 2 of the small intestin for HD5. PMID: 21125297
31. HalphaD-5 and HbetaD-2 may protect fallopian tubes during microbial infection. PMID: 20629326
32. To respond to LPS stimulation, human primary endocervical epithelial cells may function in the mucosal immune defense through TLR4 activation and HD5 secretion. PMID: 20819643
33. This study demonstrated the multifunctional roles of the activation process in human defensin-5. PMID: 20375624
34. The authors provide direct evidence that human alpha-defensins block adenovirus infection by preventing uncoating during cell entry. PMID: 20130047
35. Data show that DEFA5-expressing mice had striking losses of segmented filamentous bacteria and fewer interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing lamina propria T cells. PMID: 19855381
36. By acting as a prodefensin convertase in human Paneth cells, trypsin is involved in the regulation of innate immunity in the small intestine. PMID: 12021776
37. Defensin 5 transgenic mice were resistant to oral challenge with virulent Salmonella typhimurium; support for a critical in vivo role of epithelial-derived defensins in mammalian host defence PMID: 12660734
38. Crystal structure of HD-5. PMID: 17088326
39. HD-5 binds to the cell membrane of intestinal epithelial cells and induces secretion of the chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 PMID: 17250830
40. The persistence of HD5-chymotrypsinogen-trypsin complex in Crohn disease may be attributable to increased luminal levels of proteinase inhibitors such as alpha1-anti-trypsin. PMID: 18258845
41. Single nucleotide polymorphism in defensin alpha 5 Paneth cell associated with inflammatory bowel diseases in caucasoid population. PMID: 18394979
42. Clostridium difficile toxin B interacts with high affinity with HD5 which may provide a defense mechanism against clostridial glucosylating cytotoxins. PMID: 18435932
43. the primary function of the conserved salt bridge in HD5 is to ensure correct processing of proHD5 and subsequent stabilization of mature alpha-defensin in vivo PMID: 18499668
44. HBD-2 and HD-5 may be involved in defending against invasion by BV-related microorganisms and the decrease in IL-4 concentration may increase susceptibility to bacterial vaginosis PMID: 18635180
45. Human enteric defensin (HD)-5 and HD-6 were detected in Paneth cells, which are observed in the gastric metaplastic mucosa as well as small intestinal epithelia. Less H. pylori was observed in the intestinal metaplasia with HD-5 expressing Paneth cells. PMID: 19250512
46. Self-association and multivalent binding may play integral roles in the ability of alpha-defensin 5 (HD5) to protect against infections caused by viruses and other infectious agents. PMID: 19542459
47. Results report on the antibacterial properties and cellular interaction of Human Defensin 5 as a function of its positive charge and hydrophobicity. PMID: 19589339

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HGNC: 2764

OMIM: 600472

KEGG: hsa:1670

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000329890

UniGene: Hs.655233