Recombinant Human Grainyhead-like protein 3 homolog (GRHL3)

1. Non-melanoma skin cancer growth is accompanied by coordinated reduced expression of epidermal differentiation genes: GRHL1 and GRHL3, which may be regulated by miR-21-3p and -5p, respectively. Some potentially damaging single nucleotide polymorphisms in GRHL genes occur with altered frequencies in NMSC patients, and they may in particular impair the expression of GRHL3 gene or functioning of encoded protein PMID: 29301499
2. The down-regulation of GRHL3 in vitro could inhibit colorectal cancer cell activity and trigger cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and apoptosis. PMID: 29270747
3. The data suggest that IRF6, TFAP2A, and GRHL3, among others, are shared in neural tube and orofacial development. PMID: 27933721
4. Comparison of the variant rate between our cohort and the ExAC database identified a significant enrichment of deleterious variants in GRHL3 in the whole gene and the transactivation region in spina bifida patients. These data provide strong evidence for a role of GRHL3 as a predisposing factor to spina bifida and will help dissect the complex etiology and pathogenic mechanisms of these malformations PMID: 28276201
5. mutations contribute to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft palate only in the African population PMID: 28886269
6. All of these processes involve epithelial-mesencyhmal transition (EMT), MET or a sequence of both, suggesting that the GRHL factors((GRHL1, GRHL2 and GRHL3), could potentially affect tumor initiation and progression via EMT PMID: 28714958
7. No association found between two GRHL3 SNPs (rs2486668 and rs545809) and non-syndromic orofacial clefts in the Han Chinese cohort. PMID: 27459192
8. ey epidermal differentiation transcription factor genes, including GRHL3, are located within super-enhancers, and many of these transcription factors in turn bind to and regulate super-enhancers. PMID: 28445475
9. GRHL3 expression may be useful as a prognostic factor. PMID: 26797800
10. Study genotyped 10 tag SNPs covering GRHL3 and performed association analysis with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in 504 cases and 455 healthy controls; preliminary results identified rs10903078, rs4638975, and a haplotype rs10903078-rs6659209 of GRHL3 that exceeded the significance threshold (p<0.05), though none survived Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. PMID: 27129939
11. findings define a major role for Grhl3 in the induction of migration and invasion by the downregulation of E-cadherin in cancer cells PMID: 26837418
12. We discovered a genome-wide significant association with a missense variant in GRHL3 and replicated the result in an independent sample of case and control subjects. In both samples, rs41268753 conferred increased risk for cleft palate. PMID: 27018472
13. We identified both rare dominant mutations and a common risk variant in the coding region of GRHL3 as causative in individuals with nonsyndromic cleft palate only. PMID: 27018475
14. GRHL1, GRHL2, and GRHL3 have roles in cellular proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and polarity and may promote cancer or be tumor suppressors [review] PMID: 26069269
15. We defined a novel molecular signature in mammalian HNSCC, suggesting new treatment strategies targeting the GRHL3/GSK3B/c-MYC proto-oncogenic network. PMID: 26063791
16. our results indicate predominant GRHL3 expression in breast cancers PMID: 24363083
17. Our data demonstrated that mutations in two genes, IRF6 and GRHL3, can lead to nearly identical phenotypes of orofacial cleft. PMID: 24360809
18. The splice variant-derived isoforms SOM1 and SOM3 induce opposing effects in primary human endothelial cells and in a whole animal model, most likely through the induction of different target genes. PMID: 23685552
19. decreased Grhl3 expression contributes to tumor progression and upregulation of the oncomir miR-21 in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. PMID: 22614019
20. In human keratinocytes, IRF6 bound conserved elements near the GRHL3 promoter, with one of these elements having enhancer activity. PMID: 22931925
21. we define a previously unknown role for the transcription factor GRHL3 in the recruitment of a trxG complex to promoters of genes, leading to increased H3K4 methylation and gene expression PMID: 22829784
22. loss of GRHL3 may result in endothelial dysfunction in vivo. PMID: 21856281
23. Data report the identification of Sister-of-Mammalian Grainyhead (SOM), which is phylogenetically aligned with grainyhead protein, and like grainyhead encodes a highly conserved developmental transcription factor. [Sister-of-Mammalian Grainyhead] PMID: 12549979
24. GRHL3 strongly stimulated primary endothelial cell migration, suggesting that it is a putative tumor-angiogenesis factor. PMID: 18814840

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HGNC: 25839

OMIM: 606713

KEGG: hsa:57822

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000288955

UniGene: Hs.657920