The recombinant human GDF9 protein is a semi-custom product. There are 5 expression system options: Yeast, E. coli, In Vivo Biotinylation in E. coli, Baculovirus, and Mammalian cell. Your requirements will be given top priority in determining the protein tags. For proteins within 800 aa, risk-free custom service is guaranteed. It means you will not be charged if the protein cannot be delivered.
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) plays a significant role in various aspects of female fertility, including folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, and ovarian function [1]. It is essential for coordinating somatic cell activity, regulating inhibin production, maintaining oocyte granulosa cell microenvironments, and supporting proper follicle development [2]. Studies have shown that GDF9 is involved in folliculogenesis in different species, such as pigs, zebrafish, and sheep, highlighting its conserved role across various organisms [3] [4]. Additionally, GDF9 has been associated with superovulation performance in cattle, further emphasizing its importance in ovarian follicular development and ovulation rate regulation [5].
The interaction of GDF9 with BMP15 and their signaling pathways, such as the TGFβ-activin pathway, is crucial for regulating gene expression in ovarian follicles and influencing oocyte quality and developmental competence [6][7][8]. Moreover, GDF9 has been linked to enhancing mitochondrial activity, meiotic resumption, and granulosa cell proliferation, further underlining its significance in reproductive processes [9].
References:
[1] P. Chen, K. Uh, K. Monarch, L. Spate, E. Reese, R. Pratheret al., Inactivation of growth differentiation factor 9 blocks folliculogenesis in pigs, Biology of Reproduction, vol. 108, no. 4, p. 611-618, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioad005
[2] N. Marinakis, E. Tsoutsou, C. Sofocleous, D. Veltra, P. Papaefthimiou, A. Lytraset al., Ovarian insufficiency and secondary amenorrhea in a patient with a novel variant within gdf9 gene, Menopause the Journal of the North American Menopause Society, vol. 29, no. 4, p. 491-495, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0000000000001928
[3] W. Chen, Y. Zhai, B. Zhu, K. Wu, Y. Fan, X. Zhouet al., Loss of growth differentiation factor 9 causes an arrest of early folliculogenesis in zebrafish – a novel insight into its action mechanism,, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.01.498398
[4] Z. Pan, X. Wang, R. Di, Q. Liu, W. Hu, X. Caoet al., A 5-methylcytosine site of growth differentiation factor 9 (gdf9) gene affects its tissue-specific expression in sheep, Animals, vol. 8, no. 11, p. 200, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8110200
[5] K. Tang, S. Li, & L. Yang, Polymorphisms of the bovine growth differentiation factor 9 gene associated with superovulation performance in chinese holstein cows, Genetics and Molecular Research, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 390-399, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4238/2013.february.8.3
[6] W. Stocker, K. Walton, D. Richani, K. Chan, K. Beilby, B. Fingeret al., A variant of human growth differentiation factor-9 that improves oocyte developmental competence, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 295, no. 23, p. 7981-7991, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.013050
[7] F. Paulini and E. Melo, The role of oocyte‐secreted factors gdf9 and bmp15 in follicular development and oogenesis, Reproduction in Domestic Animals, vol. 46, no. 2, p. 354-361, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01739.x
[8] M. Belli and S. Shimasaki, Molecular aspects and clinical relevance of gdf9 and bmp15 in ovarian function,, p. 317-348, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2017.12.003
[9] Z. Zhang, J. Tang, X. He, & R. Di, Mutations in nlrp5 and nlrp9 are associated with litter size in small tail han sheep, Animals, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 689, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10040689
