Recombinant Human Utrophin (UTRN), partial

1. In aortas of CKD rats and hippurate-treated rats, we observed an increase in Drp1 protein levels and mitochondrial fission. Inhibition of Drp1 improved endothelial function in both rat models. These results indicate that hippurate, by itself, can cause endothelial dysfunction. Increased mitochondrial fission plays an active role in hippurate-induced endothelial dysfunction via an increase in mitoROS PMID: 29573704
2. findings demonstrate that Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission plays a critical role in the regulation of cell cycle progression and hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation PMID: 27542250
3. Knockdown of UTRN expression by shRNA evidently inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in glioma cells. PMID: 27183436
4. Correlation of Utrophin Levels with the Dystrophin Protein Complex and Muscle Fibre Regeneration in Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy Muscle Biopsies. PMID: 26974331
5. there is an inverse correlation between the level of muscle fibrosis and the level of utrophin and that of the number of revertant myofibers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy PMID: 26015394
6. probed the role of N-terminal CH1 and C-terminal CH2 domains in the structure and function of dystrophin tandem CH domain and compared with earlier results on utrophin to understand the unifying principles of how tandem CH domains work PMID: 26516677
7. targeting Drp1-dependent mitochondrial dynamics may provide a novel strategy to suppress breast cancer metastasis and improve the chemotherapeutic effect in the future PMID: 25434519
8. The actin binding affinity of the utrophin tandem calponin-homology domain (CH) is determined by its CH1 domain, when compared to its CH2 domain. PMID: 24628267
9. this study demonstrated a pathway for Drp1 autophagic degradation. Chemical inhibition of lysosomal degradation and ATG7 knockdown increased Drp1 levels. PMID: 23937156
10. UtroUp recognises 18 base pairs of the utrophin promoter and efficiently drives utrophin upregulation. PMID: 23363418
11. This family study showed that the 6q24.2 mircoduplication of the utrophin gene is a potential risk factor for the development of annular pancreas. PMID: 23163995
12. The present findings demonstrate that genotoxic stress in neurons results in p53-dependent declines in Drp1 and parkin levels contribute to altered mitochondrial morphology and cell death. PMID: 23345212
13. UAPC located in caveolae and non-caveolae lipid raft domains of HUVECs may have a mechanosensory function that could participate in the control of eNOS activity PMID: 22609462
14. Examined the thermodynamic stability and aggregation of utrophin N-ABD and compared with that of dystrophin. Utrophin N-ABD has decreased denaturant and thermal stability, unfolds faster, and is correspondingly more susceptible to proteolysis. PMID: 22275054
15. Homeobox protein engrailed-1 protein regulates transcription of the utrophin gene. PMID: 21672318
16. These results indicate that Drp1-dependent mitochondrial positioning and activity controls T-cell activation by fuelling central supramolecular activation cluster assembly at the immune synapse. PMID: 21326213
17. EN1 might be a negative regulatory factor for UTROPHIN. PMID: 21482524
18. The structural and functional properties of dystrophins and utrophins in brain, the consequences of dystrophins loss-of-function, are discussed. PMID: 20625423
19. Distribution of dystrophin- and utrophin-associated protein complexes during activation of human neutrophils. PMID: 20434517
20. the 8th and 9th spectrin-like repeats (R8 and R9) of utrophin cooperatively form a PAR-1b-interacting domain, and that Ser1258 within R9 is specifically phosphorylated by PAR-1b. PMID: 19945424
21. Accumulation of repeated elements could account for intron expansion in the evolution of the gene. PMID: 11861579
22. transcriptional upregulation in regenerating muscle PMID: 11875058
23. Sp1 and the ets-related transcription factor complex GABP alpha/beta functionally cooperate to activate the utrophin promoter. PMID: 11997063
24. Drp1 and Mfn2, but not other proteins implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, colocalize with Bax in apoptotic foci PMID: 12499352
25. Utrophin up-regulation is regeneration-associated and is proportional to the quantity of regenerating myofibers, but is not specific for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID: 12619170
26. regulation of promoter by Ets, Ap-1 and GATA factor families PMID: 12633873
27. increased expression of truncated cSHMT, Tbx3 and utrophin in plasma samples obtained from patients at early stages of ovarian cancer and breast cancer PMID: 16049973
28. Utrophin localisation is in human muscle.The A-utrophin on the sarcolemma of foetal human muscle fibres, regenerating fibres, fibres deficient in dystrophin and on blood vessels and neuromuscular junctions. B-utrophin is only detected on blood vessels. PMID: 16198105
29. 30 muscle biopsies of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) showed all or majority of muscle fibers deficient for dystrophin and positive for utrophin. PMID: 16295426
30. Utrophin expression increases with age in DMD and there is a significant positive correlation between the quantity of utrophin at initial biopsy and time to becoming wheelchair-bound. PMID: 16595608
31. beside its known effect on general muscle protein degradation, calpain contributes to Duchenne muscular dystrophy pathology by specifically degrading the compensatory protein utrophin PMID: 16598790
32. Review. The role of utrophin in the assembly of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex in brain, blood-brain barrier & choroid plexus, retina, and kidney is discussed. PMID: 16710609
33. These studies suggest "repressing repressors" as a potential strategy for achieving utrophin up-regulation in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, and they provide a model for utrophin-A regulation in muscle. PMID: 17507653
34. specifically designed ZFPs can act as strong transcriptional activators of the utrophin A promoter PMID: 18945675

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HGNC: 12635

OMIM: 128240

KEGG: hsa:7402

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000356515

UniGene: Hs.133135