Recombinant Rat Corticoliberin (Crh)

1. These findings robustly demonstrate aberrant interactions of stress and reward networks after early-life adversity and suggest mechanistic roles for Crh-expressing amygdala neurons in emotional deficits portending major neuropsychiatric disorders. PMID: 29033027
2. CRF (25-200 nM) concentration-dependently diminished evoked compound excitatory postsynaptic potentials, but increased miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequencies similarly in central amygdala neurons of both naive and ethanol-dependent rats, indicating reduced evoked glutamatergic responses and enhanced vesicular glutamate release, respectively. CRF primarily acts at presynaptic CRF1. PMID: 28807676
3. the results from the present study suggest that the activation of the CRF system in anxiety-related regions (such as the cingulate cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala) PMID: 28935440
4. Results of the present study indicate that corticotropin-releasing factor neurons are the output neurons of the oval nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and they send projections not only to the centres of neuroendocrine and autonomic regulation, but also regions modulating reward and motivation, vigilance and motor function, as well as affective behaviour. PMID: 27805752
5. Chronic restraint stress (5 weeks, 3h/day) attenuated CRF expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and dentate gyrus of high-anxiety rats, which was probably due to dysregulation of hormonal feedback mechanisms and enhancement of local neurodegenerative processes; induced symptoms of anhedonia (decreased consumption of 1% sucrose solution) in high-anxiety rats. PMID: 27150225
6. Results from this study demonstrate the convergence of three important systems, norepinephrine, corticotropin-releasing factor, and delta opioid receptors, in the amygdala and provide insight into their functional role in modulating stress and anxiety responses. PMID: 27376372
7. The CRF plays important roles in responses to stress in extrahypothalamic circuits such as the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. PMID: 26387568
8. QRFP-dependent pathways are involved in the regulation of CRF gene expression in the hypothalamus. PMID: 27452579
9. These results suggest that predator odor and EPM exposure activates CRF neurons in the BNST to a much greater extent than CRF neurons of the central amygdala. PMID: 26821289
10. Corticotropin-releasing hormone was increased in the paraventricular nucleus following chronic mild stress. PMID: 26578428
11. This study provides evidence that corticotropin releasing factor neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala may play a role in the anxiety-like state produced in a subset of rats exposed to footshocks. PMID: 26363852
12. Chronic noise stress upregulated CRH mRNA levels in the hypothalamus. PMID: 26333123
13. immunofluorescence double staining showed that CRF was extensively colocalized with neurons, but hardly with astrocytes or microglia PMID: 26138585
14. Neuronal TLR4/MCP-1 signal was sustained during alcohol drinking by increased expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and its feedback regulation of TLR4 expression, likely contributing to the transition to alcohol dependence PMID: 25567426
15. Electroacupuncture significantly reduces visceral hypersensitivity in rats, and regulated the expression of CRH protein and mRNA in the colon, spinal cord and hypothalamus. PMID: 26109804
16. Study shows that pain-induced anxiety is mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor neurotransmission in the locus coeruleus through extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 signaling cascade PMID: 25716783
17. Prenatal stress is associated with the demethylation of the CRH promoter. PMID: 24682755
18. The differentiated behavioral stress responses were reflected by gene expression changes in the pituitary. Alterations in the mRNA levels of Crh, Ucn2 and Ucn3 in the pituitary might confirm the paracrine and/or autocrine effects of these peptides PMID: 25236411
19. A significantly increased hippocampal CRH was observed in the adult rats with postnatal maternal separation. PMID: 24718660
20. Results show that hypertension triggers downregulation of CRF gene expression in the amygdala and significantly alters the heart rate response to acute stress but does not alter the pressor response to stress compared to normotensive controls PMID: 25139171
21. differential effects of RLN3 on CRF expression in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis may contribute to the sex-specific difference in behavioral response PMID: 25406021
22. In this mini-review, we will focus on novel and evolving concepts regarding the potential mechanisms underlying the short and long-term effects of prenatal stress involving CRH peptide family. PMID: 25433848
23. The expression profile of this key limbic brain CRF system might contribute to the complex neural mechanisms underlying the increasing incidence of early onset of puberty on the one hand and infertility on the other attributed to chronic stress. PMID: 25051447
24. Overexpression of FosB or cJun potently increases CRF mRNA levels. PMID: 24246425
25. Transcriptional repression of CRH by glucocorticoids involves protein-protein interactions and/or modulation of afferent inputs to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. PMID: 24065704
26. We can conclude that the orexigenic effect of mu-opioid receptor activation by EM-2 could be related to both inhibition of CRH and stimulation of dopamine and norepinephrine levels, in the hypothalamus PMID: 23916912
27. demonstrated the existence of genetically determined high basal CRF mRNA levels in central amygdala of Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats. PMID: 24021806
28. data demonstrate stable changes in methylation patterns and expression of the GR and CRF genes following repeated stress. PMID: 23084728
29. Alcohol self-administration reduces the number of CRF-labeled cells in the central amygdala. PMID: 23628776
30. data suggest that the observed impairment in learning was not a result of alteration in HPA axis activity, but rather due to reduced PVN-CRF activity. PMID: 23568325
31. studies demonstrate that CRF neurons within the lateral BNST modulate conditioned anxiety-like behaviors and also suggest that enhanced CRF expression within these neurons may contribute to inappropriate regulation of emotional memories PMID: 22290119
32. Studied levels of amygdaloid CRF in the anxiolytic effect of acupuncture during ethanol withdrawal. PMID: 24139460
33. Over-expression of CRH and vasopressin in the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus represents a specific feature of anxiety/post traumatic stress disorder-like state. PMID: 24317347
34. The imbalance in lower production of anorexigenic neuropeptide CRF in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus may favor overeating and increased body weight gain in chronically stressed food-restricted female rats. PMID: 23425370
35. ERK1/2 activation in response to CRH is biphasic, involving a first cAMP- and B-Raf-dependent early phase and a second phase that critically depends on CRHR1 internalization and beta-arrestin2. PMID: 23371389
36. CRF and hypothalamic neuronal histamine mediate the suppressive effects of BDNF on feeding behavior and body weight. PMID: 23432085
37. CRF acts in the ventral tegmental area to reduce the motivation to work for food rewards by regulating dopamine output in a stimulus- and pathway-specific manner. PMID: 23416448
38. Interactions between corticosterone and catecholaminergic projections to the hypothalamus therefore make significant contributions to the regulation of Crh and Avp expression. PMID: 22831701
39. Under conditions associated with CRF release at the locus coeruleus projection system, including stress, the transfer of afferent information within sensory systems is impaired. PMID: 22510725
40. Corticotropin releasing hormone act on CRHR1 to induce MKLP1 expression via the PLC/PKC signaling pathway. PMID: 22698524
41. GLP-1 directly stimulated the promoter activities and mRNA levels of both CRF and AVP in hypothalamic 4B cells PMID: 22801106
42. These data demonstrate that CRF triggers increases in intestinal paracellular permeability via mast cell dependent release of TNF-alpha and proteases. PMID: 22768175
43. Hypomethylation of the CRH promoter CRE, a region critical for CRH transcriptional activation, could serve as a mechanism for the increased transcriptional responses to stress observed in maternally deprived rats. PMID: 22375940
44. the CRF system may contribute to both the behavioral response during social stress and its behavioral and autonomic consequences PMID: 22322324
45. Data suggest that CRH regulates dendritic outgrowth in cultured hippocampal neurons/pyramidal cells; signaling via CRH-receptor 1 (CRH-R1) stimulates dendritic growth; CRH- receptor 2 (CRH-R2) activation results in inhibition of dendritic growth. PMID: 22249942
46. nucleus accumbens shellCRF can generate a variety of aversive behaviors PMID: 22245501
47. after chronic constriction injury of the rat sciatic nerve, the oval bed nucleus of the stria terminalis contained substantially more Crf mRNA as did the central amygdala PMID: 21684787
48. These findings indicate that reproductive experience modulates the effects of estrogen receptor alpha activation on both maze behavior related to anxiety and corticotrophin-releasing hormone gene expression. PMID: 22033279
49. During acute stress, arginine vasopressin interacts with the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and amygdala to change their rates of biosynthesis and/or release of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF). PMID: 21621194
50. An 8-week ethanol vapos regimen significantly increased CRF levels in the hippocampus and parietal cortex. PMID: 21527271

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KEGG: rno:81648

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000016953

UniGene: Rn.10349