APOL1 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

1. Plasma concentrations of TNFR1, TNFR2, and KIM1 are independently associated with renal outcome and improve discrimination or reclassification of African ancestry individuals with a high-risk APOL1 genotype and preserve renal function. PMID: 29685497
2. APOL1 risk variants did not associate with subclinical markers of atherosclerosis or left ventricular hypertrophy in middle-aged black adults with preserved kidney function. PMID: 29042080
3. Review of the role of APOL1 in kidney disease in children and young adults of African ancestry. APOL1 explains almost 70% of the excess risk of kidney disease in those of African descent, and is common in children with glomerular disease. PMID: 29406442
4. Association of chronic kidney disease with APOL1 risk alleles was not identified in Aboriginal people in remote areas of Australia. PMID: 28314584
5. APOL1 Risk Variant is associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. PMID: 29531077
6. APOL1, alpha-thalassemia, and BCL11A variants as a genetic risk profile for progression of chronic kidney disease in sickle cell anemia. PMID: 27658436
7. Among blacks with established moderate CKD, the APOL1 high-risk variants are associated with greater risk of incident proteinuria. After proteinuria onset, kidney function declines more rapidly but does not differ by APOL1 risk status. PMID: 29051146
8. In individuals at risk for nondiabetic kidney disease based on African ancestry, the majority of that risk can be explained by two variants in the APOL1 gene. PMID: 29110756
9. Considering APOL1 evolution also may help us understand how APOL1 risk variants cause kidney disease in modern humans. PMID: 29110757
10. APOL1 variants are associated with HIV-associated nephropathy(HIVAN), a podocyte disease,but not with HIV-immune complex disease, primarily a disease of the mesangium. PMID: 29110758
11. the associations of the APOL1 risk variants with microalbuminuria, incident CKD, and subsequent kidney function decline implicate a potential role in both the development and progression of CKD. Unlike the consistent association with CKD, the association of the APOL1 risk variants with cardiovascular disease is less clear. PMID: 29110759
12. The presence of two APOL1 renal risk variants in deceased donors shortens survival of their renal allografts. No study has examined the potential interaction of APOL1 genotype of the donors, deceased or living, and recipients. PMID: 29110760
13. expression of G1 or G2 APOL1 results in significantly more cell death compared with wild-type APOL1 (G0) in various human cells in culture PMID: 29110762
14. Genetic variant in apolipoprotein L1 is not associated with preterm birth in African American population. PMID: 27638911
15. This is the first report of a specific association of APOL1 with small vessel disease (SVD) ischemic stroke. PMID: 28975602
16. study found strong evidence for no association with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Human African trypanosomiasis and APOL1 G2 in two Ugandan populations PMID: 29470556
17. APOL1 variants are not associated with longitudinal blood pressure in blacks. PMID: 28545715
18. Letter: no APOL1 risk allele variants in Indian patients with chronic kidney disease. PMID: 27633872
19. APOL1 copy number variations may be not associated with susceptibility to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in Chinese population. PMID: 28494221
20. APOL1 Genetic Variations are associated with acute rejection. PMID: 27862962
21. These results implicate both forms of human African trypanosomiasis in the selection and persistence of otherwise detrimental APOL1 kidney disease variants. PMID: 28537557
22. APOL1 variant is associated with End-Stage Renal Disease. PMID: 27588375
23. The enhanced expression of GRP78 by podocytes expressing APOL1 variants would indicate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. PMID: 28385815
24. Among patients with CKD attributed to hypertension, those with the APOL1 high-risk genotype were more likely to experience a steady decline trajectory in eGFR than those without the APOL1 high-risk genotype. These findings suggest a persistent underlying pathophysiologic process in those patients with the APOL1 high-risk genotype. PMID: 27230965
25. APOL1 Gene variation is associated with end-stage renal disease. PMID: 27997071
26. Apolipoprotein L1 and apolipoprotein A-IV and their association with kidney function PMID: 27870653
27. Data suggest that APOL1 confers chloride-selective permeability to preformed phospholipid vesicles; this selectivity is strongly pH-sensitive, with maximal activity at pH 5 and little activity above pH 7; APOL1 permease activity requires calcium ions; APOL1 stably associates with phospholipid vesicles, requiring low pH and presence of negatively charged phospholipids for maximal binding. PMID: 28918394
28. Strict blood pressure control during chronic kidney disease associates with a lower risk of death in blacks with the high-risk CKD APOL1 genotype. PMID: 27927600
29. Divergent intracellular biological pathways of ancestral and variant APOL1 may explain a worsened prognosis as demonstrated in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. PMID: 28265848
30. Roles of APOL1 G1 and G2 variants in sickle cell disease patients: kidney is the main target. PMID: 28699644
31. Two APOL1 renal-risk variants are associated with longer dialysis survival in African Americans with non-diabetic end-stage renal disease. PMID: 27157696
32. The frequency of APOL1 risk variants ranged from 7.0% to 11.0%. PMID: 28732083
33. The synergy of circulating factor suPAR and APOL1 G1 or G2 on alphavbeta3 integrin activation is a mechanism for CKD. PMID: 28650456
34. Among African Americans with hypertension-attributed chronic kidney disease, APOL1 risk variants were not associated with an overall risk for cardiovascular disease although some signals for cardiovascular mortality were noted. PMID: 28572159
35. The proteomic profile of apoL1 is modified in HDLs of high cardiovascular risk patients, and apoL1 plasma levels are significantly lower in serum and in HDL3 of patients that will suffer an adverse cardiac event within 3 years. PMID: 27112635
36. Relationships between APOL1 kidney risk variants and cardiovascular disease (CVD) susceptibility and CVD-related death remain controversial. Some studies detected an increased risk for CVD, whereas others support protection from death and subclinical CVD and cerebrovascular disease PMID: 28143671
37. mice with podocyte-specific expression of either APOL1 risk allele (G1 or G2), but not of the G0 allele, develop functional (albuminuria and azotemia), structural (foot-process effacement and glomerulosclerosis) and molecular (gene-expression) changes that closely resemble human kidney disease. Expression of the risk-variant APOL1 alleles interferes with endosomal trafficking and blocks autophagic flux. PMID: 28218918
38. APOL1 single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with nephropathy. PMID: 26152403
39. risk alleles are associated with higher systolic blood pressure and earlier hypertension diagnoses in young African Americans PMID: 28335839
40. We report an unadjusted incidence of 1.2 CKD cases/100 person-years (95% CI: 0.5 to 2.5) in PHIV youth carrying APOL1 high-risk genotypes, with important implications for sub-Saharan Africa PMID: 27035887
41. Overall, our results suggest podocyte depletion could predispose individuals with APOL1 risk genotypes to kidney disease in response to a second stressor, and add to other published evidence associating APOL1 expression with preeclampsia PMID: 27026370
42. This new Drosophila model uncovers a novel mechanism by which upregulated expression of APOL1-G1 could precipitate renal disease in humans. PMID: 27864430
43. Results suggest a pivotal role for mitochondrial dysfunction in APOL1-associated kidney disease PMID: 27821631
44. Among blacks, the APOL1 high-risk genotype associated only with higher risk of end-stage renal disease in a fully adjusted analysis. Black race and APOL1 high-risk status were associated with faster eGFR decline PMID: 26966015
45. GSTM1 null and APOL1 high-risk alleles deleteriously affect chronic kidney disease progression among blacks with hypertension, and subjects with both GSTM1 null and APOL1 high-risk genotypes had highest risk of adverse renal outcomes PMID: 26940095
46. Our findings indicate that the presence of risk disease risk variants of APOL1 is permissive of HIV-1 persistence in human podocytes in synergy with IL-1beta, a cytokine that characterizes the inflammatory milieu of acute and chronic phases of HIV-1 infection. PMID: 27599995
47. We show that the levels of one member of the family, apolipoprotein L1 (apoL1) is higher in papillary thyroid carcinoma compared to normal tissue. PMID: 27157405
48. APOL1 genotype may provide additional diagnostic information to traditional clinical variables in predicting underlying FSGS spectrum lesions in blacks who are HIV positive. PMID: 26668025
49. The homozygous N264K ApoL1 variant may be at increased risk of contracting human African trypanosomiasis. PMID: 27073096
50. We examined whether APOL1 G1 and G2 renal-risk variant serum concentrations or lipoprotein distributions differed from nonrisk G0 APOL1 in African Americans without nephropathy. PMID: 26586272

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HGNC: 618

OMIM: 603743

KEGG: hsa:8542

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000317674

UniGene: Hs.114309