Recombinant Mouse KiSS-1 receptor (Kiss1r)

1. G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) deficiency leads to elevated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) disease severity independent of the reproductive axis. GPR54 deficiency leads to impaired immunotolerance in association with reduced number of Regulatory T-Lymphocytes, increased T-cell activation, and altered thymocyte subsets. PMID: 29931449
2. while uterine growth was fully rescued by E2 treatment of Kiss1(-/-) mice and by genetic restoration of kisspeptin signaling in GnRH neurons in Kiss1r(-/-) mice, functional adenogenesis was only marginally restored. Thus, while uterine growth is largely dependent on ovarian E2-output via central kisspeptin signaling, peripheral kisspeptin signaling is indispensable for endometrial adenogenesis and function PMID: 27364226
3. Study found unaltered hypothalamic metabolic gene expression in Kiss1 receptor knockout mice despite obesity and reduced energy expenditure. PMID: 27601011
4. Nesfatin-1 increased Kiss1R expression in hypothalamic cells. PMID: 28339602
5. Kisspeptin-10 may contribute to accelerate the progression and instability of atheromatous plaques, leading to plaque rupture. The GPR54 antagonist may be useful for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. PMID: 28411243
6. data suggest the utility of the KISS1R as a novel biomarker for multiple myeloma, capable of targeting both tumor cells and host cells of the tumor microenvironment PMID: 27158817
7. kiss1 and kiss1r mRNA levels were significantly higher in old compared to reproductive-aged mice, and diet-induced obesity did not alter kiss1 or kiss1r mRNA levels. Compared to young control mice, young MCP-1 knockout mice had significantly lower ovarian kiss1 mRNA PMID: 26879207
8. On D4 of pregnancy, the mouse uterus expresses a functional kisspeptin/KISS1R signaling system. PMID: 26384646
9. Gnaq was selectively inactivated in GnRH neurons of global Gna11--null mice, but they still responded to kisspeptin, confirming that KISS1R signals via non-Galphaq/11-coupled pathways. PMID: 26377475
10. orchestrated onset of kisspeptin and GPR54 expression in the male embryonic brain at embryonic day 13.5 PMID: 26172029
11. Results demonstrate defective negative feedback in global Gpr54-null mice that cannot be attributed to a lack of prior exposure of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal network to cyclical estradiol PMID: 25301053
12. Expression of Kiss1 and Gpr54 was confirmed in mouse placenta but no differences in birth weight were found in mice that had been supported by a mutant placenta during fetal development. PMID: 25468546
13. Kiss1/GPR54 system is involved in promoting uterine decidualization during early pregnancy in mice PMID: 24830702
14. Kiss1r in GnRH neurons is critical for reproductive development and fertility. PMID: 24422632
15. kisspeptin-1 and Kiss1r signaling influences BW, energy expenditure, and glucose homeostasis in a sexually dimorphic and partially sex steroid-independent manner PMID: 24937427
16. kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r), a GPCR that is activated by kisspeptin to regulate the onset of puberty and adult reproductive function, is enriched in cilia projecting from mouse PMID: 24982149
17. Oocytes fail to respond to gonadotropins with increased trk-B tyrosine kinase (Ntrk)2 expression in the absence of KISS1R PMID: 24877631
18. Failure of follicular development and ovulation linked to the absence of Kiss1r cannot be fully rescued by (even extended) gonadotropin replacement. PMID: 24885574
19. Most GnRH neurons in the embryonic arcuate nucleus express kisspeptin receptor GPR54 upon circuit formation. PMID: 24599473
20. The GnRH neuron is the key site of kisspeptin-Gpr54 signaling for fertility. PMID: 24051579
21. kisspeptin regulates gonadotropin gene expression through the activation of Kiss1R signaling through protein kinase C, inducing immediate early genes in vitro. PMID: 23770611
22. Gonadal steroids are essential for the induction of kisspeptin expression in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle during pubertal development in the male mouse. PMID: 22340076
23. It was concluded that elevated testosterone secretion in prenatal and neonatal mice is independent of both kisspeptin and GnRH signaling, and the necessity of kisspeptin-Kiss1r signaling for testicular function is first apparent after d 5. PMID: 22202164
24. Data suggest a possible mechanism whereby GPR54 expression levels, and thus GnRH sensitivity to kisspeptin, may change dramatically over the pro-oestrous day. PMID: 21756268
25. Kiss1r attenuation was sufficient to delay breast tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis through inhibitory effects on the downstream Galphaq-p63RhoGEF-RhoA signaling pathway. PMID: 21852382
26. loss of GPR54 and kisspeptin are not fully equivalent in the mouse hypothalamus PMID: 21527035
27. Data show that female mice lacking neurons that express the kisspeptin receptor GPR54 were fertile. PMID: 21516099
28. Gpr54-/- mice show more pronounced defects in spermatogenesis than Kiss1-/- mice and improved spermatogenesis with age when exposed to dietary phytoestrogens. PMID: 21156837
29. GPR54 regulates ERK1/2 activity and hypothalamic gene expression in a Galpha(q/11) and beta-arrestin-dependent manner. PMID: 20886089
30. Gpr54 regulates Bmp7 expression through NFAT2 and Sp1 and plays an important role in embryonic kidney branching morphogenesis and glomerular development PMID: 20375015
31. transcription factor SP1 binds directly to the mGPR54 promoter region and activates gene expression. PMID: 20152817
32. Kiss1(-/-) and Gpr54(-/-) mice retain some degree of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone activity, which is sufficient to effect vaginal cytology and uterine weights in female mice and on spermatogenesis and testicular weights in male mice. PMID: 19840236
33. A complex temporal and spatial pattern of Gpr54 gene expression in developing GnRH neurons. PMID: 19966188
34. Mutations in GPR54 cause autosomal recessive idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans and mice, suggesting that this receptor is essential for normal gonadotropin-releasing hormone physiology and for puberty. PMID: 14573733
35. The analysis of the GPR54 mutant mice revealed developmental abnormalities of both male and female genitalia and histopathological changes in tissues which normally contain sexually dimorphic features. PMID: 14652023
36. The localization and GnRH release effects of kisspeptin thus define GPR54 as a major control point in the reproductive axis and suggest kisspeptin to be a neurohormonal effector. PMID: 15665093
37. Kisspeptin exerts a potent depolarizing effect on the excitability of almost all adult gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Responsiveness of GnRH neurons to kisspeptin increases over postnatal development. PMID: 16339030
38. Leptin infusion of ob/ob mice evoked a significant increase in KiSS-1 and GPR54 mRNA levels. PMID: 17595226
39. Both Kiss1 and Gpr54 knockout mice have abnormal sexual maturation consistent with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, although Kiss1 knockout mice appear to be less severely affected than their receptor counterparts. PMID: 17595229
40. that GnRH receptor/GnRH and GPR54/kisspeptin autoregulatory systems are integrated by negative feedback to regulate GnRH and kisspeptin secretion from GnRH neurons PMID: 17698953
41. GPR54 is necessary for proper male-like development of several sexually dimorphic traits, likely by regulating GnRH-mediated androgen secretion during "critical windows" in perinatal development. PMID: 17699664
42. kisspeptin-10 can significantly stimulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release and GnRH mRNA expression in neurosecretory GT1-7 cells. PMID: 17728535
43. in mice, kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling is required for the tonic stimulation of GnRH/LH secretion but is not required for generating the E-induced GnRH/LH surge. PMID: 17978050
44. A potent stimulating effect of Kisspeptin at GnRH nerve terminals in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the mouse. PMID: 18450966
45. kisspeptin activates G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) to initiate a PLC-IP3R-calcium cascade that modulates ions channels to initiate depolarization in GnRH neurons. PMID: 18483150

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KEGG: mmu:114229

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000040516

UniGene: Mm.191035