Recombinant Mouse Melanocortin receptor 4 (Mc4r)

1. Mc4r knockout offspring showed higher body, liver and adipose tissue weights; and mild hepatic steatosis PMID: 28930194
2. vertebrate limb regeneration with Mc4r-mediated energy homeostasis and provide a new avenue for understanding Mc4r signaling in the peripheral organs PMID: 30130530
3. Together this study identifies MC4R deletion as a novel and potentially clinically important cause of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. PMID: 28829041
4. Data suggest that central melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) are involved in the efferent neuronal control of the kidneys. PMID: 27626491
5. Data (including data from studies in knockout mice) suggest that expression of Mc4r in Sim1 neurons of arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, and amygdala is involved in sexual function; here, expression of Mc4r only on Sim1 neurons reverses sexual deficits seen in Mc4r null mice. (Mc4r = melanocortin 4 receptor; Sim1 = single-minded homolog 1) PMID: 29059347
6. disruption of this hippocampal POMC/MC4R circuit might contribute to synaptic dysfunction observed in Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 27829153
7. Study shows that melanocortin 4 receptor constitutive activity chronically inhibits specific subtypes of neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels. PMID: 28093215
8. Loss of MC4R is associated with hepatic steatosis. PMID: 28003536
9. The data suggest that lipid stress disrupts steps of endocytosis following MC4R localization to clathrin-coated sites and exclusion of the receptor from the extracellular medium. PMID: 28878020
10. Confirmation of the impairment of GH-IGF-1 release in hyperphagic MC4R KO mice suggests a role for insulin in regulating both the release of GH, but also in mediating growth during periods of physiologically suppressed GH-IGF-1 levels PMID: 27558671
11. Loss of Mc4r expression is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PMID: 28207798
12. results indicate that the MC4R is not required for estrogen's effects on metabolic and reproductive functions PMID: 28403939
13. Mc4r receptor expression in the cuneiform nucleus is involved in modulation of opioidergic signaling. PMID: 26489618
14. Together, these results suggest that alpha-MSH alleviates Dex-induced damages to cultured osteoblasts through activating MC4R-SphK1 signaling. PMID: 26631960
15. Our findings support the hypothesis that MC4R signaling in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus may involve in the modulation of midbrain dopamine systems. PMID: 25973101
16. These results indicate that intact CNS MC4R signaling is necessary for leptin to exert its chronic antidiabetic, anorexic, and cardiovascular actions. PMID: 25717164
17. Mc4r signaling has a protective role in minimizing glucose fluctuations due to circadian rhythms and environmental light cues, a previously undiscovered connection between circadian biology and glucose metabolism mediated through the melanocortin system. PMID: 25730108
18. MC4R specifically inhibited the presynaptic N-type channel subtype, and this inhibition may be important for the effects of melanocortin in the central subdivision of the amygdala PMID: 24943127
19. Coupling of MC4R to Kir7.1 may explain unusual aspects of the control of energy homeostasis by melanocortin signalling, including the gene dosage effect of MC4R and the sustained effects of AgRP on food intake. PMID: 25600267
20. The MC4R-expressing neurons regulating feeding are SIM1(+), located in the paraventricular hypothalamus, glutamatergic and not GABAergic, and do not express oxytocin, corticotropin-releasing hormone, vasopressin, or prodynorphin. PMID: 25157144
21. These findings highlight an essential, and to our knowledge previously unknown, role for Ca(2+) signaling in the MC4R pathway that leads to satiety, and a novel non-redundant role for NCKX4-mediated Ca(2+) extrusion in controlling MC4R signaling PMID: 25096581
22. Posttranscriptional decrease of MC4R protein lowers the response to alpha-MSH in hypothalamic neurons exposed to even a mild level of lipid stress. PMID: 24506538
23. MC4R signaling in motor cortex- periaqueductal gray-spinal cord neural pathway may modulate the activity of sympathetic outflow sensitive to nociceptive signals. PMID: 24586817
24. Our findings support the hypothesis that MC4R signaling in RVM may modulate the activity of serotonergic sympathetic outflow sensitive to nociceptive signals, and that MC4R signaling in RVM may contribute to the descending modulation of nociception. PMID: 23592129
25. Deletion of Mc4r genes in both sympathetic and parasympathetic cholinergic neurons impaired glucose homeostasis PMID: 24908101
26. MC4R-expressing dorsal motor nucleus neurons may participate in the regulation of glucose/insulin homeostasis through their projections to the intrapancreatic ganglia PMID: 24028856
27. MC4R signaling in D1R neurons regulates food intake and development of locomotor sensitization to cocaine. PMID: 23786641
28. Exposure of MC4R to agonist in the endoplasmic reticulum stabilizes an active conformation of the receptor that does not desensitize. PMID: 24248383
29. The results of this study provided evidence the role of MC4-R expressed by neurons innervating the PVH that are also sensitive to reproductive cues. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PMID: 23485805
30. MC4Rs in Pomc neurons are important for regulation of energy balance but do not have major role in regulation cardiovascular functions. PMID: 23842677
31. our novel findings show that activation of MC4-Rs in the brainstem modulates gastric activity, which may have physiological relevance for food intake and gastric function PMID: 23946387
32. Both constitutive and induced genetic deletion of the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene normalizes compulsive grooming and striatal electrophysiologic impairments in SAPAP3-null mice PMID: 23754400
33. MC4Rs in autonomic neurons mediate beneficial effects of roux-en-Y gastric bypass, including weight-independent improved glucose homeostasis, in mice and humans. PMID: 23159449
34. our findings demonstrate variegated MC4R expression in different classes of vagal and spinal primary afferent neurons PMID: 22592759
35. Deletion of MC4Rs in cholinergic neurons resulted in elevated levels of insulin. Furthermore, re-expression of MC4Rs specifically in cholinergic neurons (including sympathetic preganglionic neurons) restores obesity-associated hypertension in MC4R null mice. PMID: 23374353
36. MC4R in the hippocampus plays a critical role in the regulation of structural and functional plasticity PMID: 23303927
37. MC4RKO mice display increased lean body mas PMID: 22848742
38. heparanase acts as a negative modulator of AgRP signaling at MC4R, through cleavage of heparan sulfate chains presumably linked to syndecan-3 PMID: 22479599
39. MC4R(-/-) mice lost substantially less weight after surgery than wild-type animals, indicating that MC4R signaling is necessary for the weight loss effects of gastric bypass in this model. PMID: 22492873
40. chronic stress in mice decreases the strength of excitatory synapses on D1 dopamine receptor-expressing nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons owing to activation of the melanocortin 4 receptor PMID: 22785313
41. data identify a novel requirement for MC4R signaling in procedural memory learning. PMID: 22342812
42. MC4R and NPY are required for activation of hepatic pathways that metabolize T(4) during the fasting response. PMID: 22100407
43. Melanocortin 4 receptor is a transcriptional target of nescient helix-loop-helix-2 PMID: 21664420
44. the md and mg mutations rescue the A(y) phenotypes by a primarily cAMP-independent mechanism promoting trafficking of MC4R and likely MC1R away from the lysosome toward the cell surface. PMID: 21460229
45. Analysis of the microstructure of feeding behavior in response to dietary fat in the MC4R(-/-) and MC4R(+/-) mice indicates that the high-fat hyperphagia involves defective satiation and an increased rate of food intake. PMID: 21239438
46. A long-term high-fat diet may have an effect on the methylation status of the Mc4r gene in mice. PMID: 20453306
47. T(3) repression of Mc4r transcription ensures that the energy-saving effects of T(3) feedback on Trh are not overridden by MC4R activation of Trh PMID: 20160073
48. Data suggest that MC4R signaling in vagal afferents may modulate the activity of fibers sensitive to satiety signals such as cholecystokinin, and that MC4R signaling in vagal efferents may contribute to the control of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. PMID: 19882715
49. has a role in sexual function in mice PMID: 12172010
50. MC4R deficiency primarily causes hyperphagia without hypometabolism: total body fat content of MC4r-/- animals on day 35 and MC4r+/- on day 56 significantly exceeds that of MC4r+/+ mice. PMID: 12644632

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KEGG: mmu:17202

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000054776

UniGene: Mm.229447