CCN2 (Pamrevlumab Biosimilar) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

1. This work indicates that NELL-1, HMGB1, and CCN2 might enhance bone defect healing via the recruitment of endogenous cells and induction of vascularization and act via different processes than BMP2. PMID: 28463604
2. TRAF1, CTGF, and CX3CL1 genes are hypomethylated in osteoarthritis PMID: 28470428
3. Down-regulation of CTGF could markly decrease proliferation. PMID: 29800920
4. PVT1 was able to bind and degrade miR26b to promote connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) expression. PMID: 29620147
5. CTGF can reduce glycolysis and mitochondrial OXPHOS pathways by increasing mtTFA protein degradation and in turn reduces cancer migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PMID: 28438434
6. Results show that mRNA and serum expression levels of Cyr61, CTGF, and VEGF in muscle tissues of patients with polymyositis (PM)/dermatomyositis (DM). These data suggest that these genes may be involved in the pathogenesis mainly by affecting the formation of blood vessels and promoting inflammatory response. PMID: 30142763
7. This study study discovered a positive feedback loop between CTGF and CCL18 in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. PMID: 28837877
8. Serum connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a promising diagnostic biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PMID: 29166915
9. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is an important mediator of renal allograft fibrosis, and urinary CTGF (CTGFu) levels correlate with the development of allograft interstitial fibrosis. We evaluated the predictive value of CTGF protein expression in 160 kidney transplant recipients with paired protocol biopsies at 3 months and 5 years after transplantation. PMID: 28390067
10. Lymphangiogenesis during tubulointerstitial fibrosis to be associated with increased expression of CTGF and VEGF-C in human obstructed nephropathy as well as in diabetic kidney disease. vitro, CTGF induced VEGF-C production in HK-2 cells, while CTGF siRNA suppressed transforming growth factor beta1-induced VEGF-C upregulation. PMID: 28545716
11. miR132 may target CTGF in regulating fibrosis in Ang IItreated cardiac fibroblasts. PMID: 28731126
12. CTGF-mediated temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma operates through TGF-beta1-dependent activation of Smad/ERK signaling pathways PMID: 28617438
13. CCN2 plays a promoting role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)progression through activating LRP6 in a HSPGs-dependent manner. Heparin in combination with chemotherapy has a synergic effect and could be a treatment choice for HCCs with a high CCN2 expression. PMID: 28870205
14. real-time polymerase chain reaction showed higher expression levels of TGF-beta and CTGF in desmoid fibromatosis compared with normal skin. The high constitutive expression of beta-catenin downstream effectors; TGF-beta, CTGF has the potential for enabling targeted therapy PMID: 26894649
15. results demonstrated that mechanical stretch and CoCl2-induced HIF-1alpha together increased the level of MMP-2 and decreased the levels of VEGF and CTGF in cultured ACL fibroblasts. PMID: 27600173
16. CTGF and BMP2 are induced following myocardial ischemia in mice and humans. PMID: 28460577
17. Smurf2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, interacts with PDE4B and attenuates liver fibrosis through miR-132 mediated CTGF inhibition PMID: 29100790
18. the up-regulation of CTGF expression by visfatin might be mediated via HIF-1a -dependent pathway, but not the TGF-b1 pathway in EAHy926 cells PMID: 28478800
19. Data suggested that the co-expression of the Hippo transducers TAZ/YAP and CTGF may be an adverse prognostic factor in male breast cancer. PMID: 27248471
20. These findings suggest that 5-HT promotes CCN2 production through the 5-HT2AR in growth plates, and that it represses CCN2 production through the 5-HT2BR in articular cartilage for harmonized development of long bones PMID: 29145495
21. In addition to well-known anti-inflammatory features, glucocorticoids may have adverse effects on long-term remodeling by TGF-beta1-independent induction of CTGF in lung cells. Simultaneous treatment with caffeine may attenuate glucocorticoid-induced expression of CTGF, thereby promoting restoration of lung homeostasis. PMID: 28330503
22. CytoD modified MKL1, a coactivator of serum response factor (SRF) regulating CTGF induction, and promoted its nuclear localization. PMID: 27721022
23. CTGF silencing aggravated energy stress induced by hyperthermia and enhanced apoptosis of hyperthermia-resistant cancers. PMID: 27806300
24. In lesional SSc dermal fibroblasts, GKT-137831 reduced alpha-SMA and CCN2 protein overexpression and collagen gel contraction PMID: 29049376
25. High glucose-induced cytoplasmic translocation of Dnmt3a contributes to CTGF hypo-methylation in mesangial cells. PMID: 27364355
26. Results demonstrat that GDF8 stimulates the expression and secretion of CTGF in human granulosa cells and provide evidence that both proteins may play critical roles in the regulation of extracellular matrix formation in these cells. PMID: 27392496
27. combined inhibition of ALK5 and CTGF is required to prevent TGFbeta-induced nodule formation in tri-cellular cultures PMID: 28815607
28. YAP/TAZ and Smad2 regulate CTGF expression in tubular epithelial cells. Reduced nuclear Smad2 correlated with impaired CTGF secretion in DMOG-treated cells and transient downregulation of Smad2 interfered with TGFbeta-1-induced CTGF synthesis. YAP is an indispensable transcription factor involved in CTGF synthesis. PMID: 27155083
29. CTGF mediates TGF-beta1-inhibited human trophoblast cell invasion. PMID: 28977597
30. RPTOR (regulatory associated protein of mTOR, complex 1) is a novel target of miR-155 in CF lung epithelial cells. The suppression of RPTOR expression and subsequent activation of TGF-beta signaling resulted in the induction of fibrosis by elevating connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) abundance in CF lung epithelial cells. PMID: 27284727
31. The present findings indicate that genetic variation in CTGF may contribute to the attainment of extreme old age in Japanese. PMID: 27365368
32. SC-derived CCN2 partially accelerated tumor growth in vitro. PMID: 28208216
33. We document for the first time a functional role of CTGF in altering disease progression in a lymphoid malignancy. The findings provide support for targeting the bone marrow microenvironment in aggressive forms of leukaemia. PMID: 26804166
34. CCN2 suppression by miR-199a-5p accounts, in part, for low-level fibrogenic gene expression in quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and causes dampened gene expression in activated HSCs after horizontal transfer of miR-199a-5p in exosomes from quiescent HSCs. PMID: 27662798
35. Data suggest that CTGF could be involved in oncogenic pathways promoting non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma associated with metabolic risk factors via induction of liver inflammation. PMID: 26739296
36. MEKK1/MEK1/ERK1/GLI-1/GLI-2, and AP-1 pathways mediated hypoxia-induced CTGF expression in human lung fibroblasts. PMID: 27486656
37. Data show that the expression of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was significantly reduced by treatment with vemurafenib and trametinib in (V600E)BRAF protein melanoma cells. PMID: 28067893
38. CTGF is overexpressed in gastric cancer and adjacent tissue compared to normal gastric tissue. Gastrin induces expression of CTGF in gastric epithelial cells. PMID: 27179776
39. We found significantly more positively expressed Connective Tissue Growth Factor protein in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma tissues was than in normal adjacent esophageal tissues. MiR-145 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and the EMT process of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma cells through targeted regulation of Connective Tissue Growth Factor expression. PMID: 27771733
40. The expression of inflammatory markers in the conjunctiva of trachomatous trichiasis patients were studied; CTGF, S100A7, and IL-1beta were all increased. PMID: 27249027
41. Study shows the role of the CTGF gene as a target of miR-18a, and identifies the function of HBV/HBX/miR-18a/CTGF as a key signaling pathway mediating HBV infection-induced HCC. PMID: 27421245
42. CTGF expression is significantly upregulated in human masticatory mucosa during wound healing PMID: 28005267
43. The present study aimed to examine the clinical relevance of NOV along with CYR61 and CTGF in gastric cancer by analysing their transcript levels...the expression of NOV and CYR61 was increased in gastric cancer. The elevated expression of CYR61 was associated with poorer survival. NOV promoted proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells PMID: 27633176
44. Authors found that CTGF is always associated with haemosiderin-pigmented macrophage-like cells, which suggests that CTGF is produced by synovial A cells following the uptake of blood breakdown products. PMID: 27704689
45. Decreased expression of CTGF is a common feature in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer; however, it can be restored by the chromatin-modifying agents such as 5-dAzaC or TSA and consequently restrain cancer development. PMID: 27393180
46. our present findings indicate that the CTGF/p38 axis is a novel therapeutic target of NSCLC metastasis, particularly NSCLC secreting low levels of CTGF. PMID: 27403934
47. miR-143-3p inhibits hypertrophic scarring by regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of human HSFs, inhibiting ECM production-associated protein expression by targeting CTGF, and restraining the Akt/mTOR pathway. PMID: 27075467
48. Plasma CTGF levels were significantly higher in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease than in those with CHD and healthy volunteers PMID: 26714814
49. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was found to be overrepresented in most significant enriched pathways and was experimentally confirmed as a bona fide target of miR-18a, which modulated cell migration and proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells. PMID: 27390086
50. It has now been shown that CTGF expression is essential for multiplication of fibroblasts, and in its absence, the fibroblasts become unresponsive to agents like TGF-beta1 that normally enhance their growth PMID: 27036370

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HGNC: 2500

OMIM: 121009

KEGG: hsa:1490

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000356954

UniGene: Hs.410037