PADI4 Antibody

Code CSB-PA890757ESR2HU
Size US$166
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  • Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human breast cancer using CSB-PA890757ESR2HU at dilution of 1:100

  • Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human spleen tissue using CSB-PA890757ESR2HU at dilution of 1:100

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Product Details

Full Product Name
Rabbit anti-Homo sapiens (Human) PADI4 Polyclonal antibody
Uniprot No.
Target Names
PADI4
Alternative Names
EC 3.5.3.15 antibody; HL 60 PAD antibody; HL-60 PAD antibody; PAD 4 antibody; PAD antibody; PADI 4 antibody; PADI 5 antibody; PADI H protein antibody; Padi4 antibody; PADI4_HUMAN antibody; PADI5 antibody; PDI 4 antibody; PDI 5 antibody; PDI4 antibody; PDI5 antibody; Peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV antibody; Peptidyl arginine deiminase type V antibody; Peptidylarginine deiminase IV antibody; Protein arginine deiminase antibody; Protein arginine deiminase type 4 antibody; Protein arginine deiminase type IV antibody; Protein-arginine deiminase type IV antibody; Protein-arginine deiminase type-4 antibody
Raised in
Rabbit
Species Reactivity
Human
Immunogen
Recombinant Human Protein-arginine deiminase type-4 protein (1-250AA)
Immunogen Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Conjugate
Non-conjugated
Clonality
Polyclonal
Isotype
IgG
Purification Method
Antigen Affinity Purified
Concentration
It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.
Buffer
PBS with 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
Form
Liquid
Tested Applications
ELISA, IHC
Recommended Dilution
Application Recommended Dilution
IHC 1:20-1:200
Troubleshooting and FAQs
Storage
Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
Lead Time
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.

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Target Background

Function
Catalyzes the citrullination/deimination of arginine residues of proteins such as histones, thereby playing a key role in histone code and regulation of stem cell maintenance. Citrullinates histone H1 at 'Arg-54' (to form H1R54ci), histone H3 at 'Arg-2', 'Arg-8', 'Arg-17' and/or 'Arg-26' (to form H3R2ci, H3R8ci, H3R17ci, H3R26ci, respectively) and histone H4 at 'Arg-3' (to form H4R3ci). Acts as a key regulator of stem cell maintenance by mediating citrullination of histone H1: citrullination of 'Arg-54' of histone H1 (H1R54ci) results in H1 displacement from chromatin and global chromatin decondensation, thereby promoting pluripotency and stem cell maintenance. Promotes profound chromatin decondensation during the innate immune response to infection in neutrophils by mediating formation of H1R54ci. Required for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation. Citrullination of histone H3 prevents their methylation by CARM1 and HRMT1L2/PRMT1 and represses transcription. Citrullinates EP300/P300 at 'Arg-2142', which favors its interaction with NCOA2/GRIP1.
Gene References into Functions
  1. Molecular interplay between the dimer interface and the substrate-binding site of human PAD4 has been reported. PMID: 28209966
  2. PADI4 may be closely associated with hypoxiainduced autophagy, and the inhibition of hypoxiainduced autophagy by PADI4 knockdown may contribute to an increase in the apoptosis of RAFLS. PMID: 29393388
  3. MiRNA-146a rs2910164 and IRAK1 rs3027898 polymorphisms were a risk factor for predisposition to Rheumatoid Arthritis in Egyptian Population in codominant and dominant tested inheritance models, while, the miRNA-499 rs3746444 and PADI4 rs1748033 polymorphisms were a risk factor in codominant and recessive one. PMID: 29734142
  4. our meta-analysis demonstrated that the PADI4_94 polymorphisms might contribute to RA susceptibility especially in Asian populations but not in Caucasian populations. PMID: 29302826
  5. Meta-analysis indicated a significantly increased association between PADI -104C/T polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Chinese and Japanese populations (which were the majority of included populations in the analysis). PMID: 29518108
  6. PADI4 interacted with SYVN1 directly and that overexpression of PADI4 suppressed the ubiquitination of proteins. Thus, a reduction in ER stress induced by PADI4 may abrogate the initiation of chronic RA by suppressing the proliferative signals of RA synoviocytes. PMID: 29039504
  7. mRNA expression of PADI2, PADI4 and Sp1 is upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis bone marrow CD34+ cells independently of the systemic inflammation or treatment regimen. PMID: 29148420
  8. this study in a Southern Mexican population suggests that PADI4 individual polymorphisms and the related susceptibility haplotype (GTG) are also genetic risk markers for rheumatoid arthritis PMID: 28551357
  9. The T allele of PADI4 rs2240340 is associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Asians. PMID: 28653215
  10. PADI4 contributes to gastric tumorigenesis by upregulating CXCR2, KRT14 and TNF-alpha expression. PMID: 27556695
  11. In this case-control study with sufficient sample size to detect associations, we observed that PADI4 SNPS rs11203367 and rs874881 do not significantly determine RA susceptibility PMID: 27182695
  12. SNPs of PADI4 may be a risk factor for airway abnormalities in RA. PMID: 27372294
  13. this meta-analysis suggested that PADI4 -92C/G polymorphism may be associated with the rheumatoid arthritis incidence in the Chinese population, especially for South China. Further studies conducted on other ethnic groups are required for definite conclusions. PMID: 28832760
  14. PADI4 contributes to the pathogenesis of RA by protecting FLSs from apoptosis. PADI4 suppresses p21 transcription through altering histone H3 arginine modifications on p21 promoter region. PMID: 28367100
  15. Proteolysis by granzyme B enhances presentation of autoantigenic PAD4 epitopes in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 27700100
  16. No associations were found between clinical subtypes of JIA and PADI4 allele frequency. rs2240337 in the PADI4 gene was significantly associated with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody-positivity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. PMID: 28182665
  17. The effect of the PADI4-104C/T polymorphism on RA risk in the Chinese population was evaluated in a meta-analysis. The overall analysis indicated a significant association between the PADI4-104C/T polymorphism and RA risk in the Chinese population (T vs C: OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.18-1.78; TT vs CC: OR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.24-1.80; TT vs CC+CT: OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.08-1.51; TT+CT vs CC: OR = 1.75, 95%CI = 1.30-2.37). PMID: 27706751
  18. Overexpression of PAD4 constrains the activity of EMT via suppressing Elk1 expression. PMID: 27176594
  19. Our study also demonstrated that PADI4 contributes to tumor metastasis by regulating the gene expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 1 (WIPF1). PMID: 26563365
  20. PAD4 levels were significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in patients with systemic lupus erythematosis or healthy controls. Anti-PAD4 antibodies were detected in 30% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but not in patients with SLE, systemic sclerosis or controls. PMID: 26415740
  21. the PADI4_94 and PADI_104 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Asians and Caucasians, and the PADI4_92 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to RA in Asians, but not in Caucasians [meta-analysis] PMID: 26474773
  22. This meta-analysis showed that the PADI4 -94G/A variants may influence RA risk in the Chinese population. PMID: 27051025
  23. The results highlight an association between PAD4 and DNA hypermethylation in acute promyelocytic leukemia and demonstrate that targeting PAD4 or regulating its downstream effectors may be a promising strategy to control differentiation in the clinic. PMID: 26673819
  24. Polymorphism in exon-4 of PADI4 gene showed significant association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)and polymorphism in exon-3 exhibited moderate association with RA. PMID: 22976394
  25. PADI4 rs1748033 gene polymorphism increased the risk of RA in a sample of the Iranian population. PMID: 26546893
  26. Silencing of PADI4 attenuates the TNF-alpha-induced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. PMID: 26082376
  27. Data show that peptidylarginine deiminase type 4, mutated citrullinated vimentin and cyclic citrullinated peptides autoantibodies were detected in 24, 61 and 74% of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, respectively. PMID: 26149185
  28. PAD4 activity was significantly higher in cell-free synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to osteoarthritis patients. PMID: 26245941
  29. We found that heterozygote genotypes for PADI4_89 were protectively associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. PMID: 25205591
  30. Data show that peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV (PADI4) polymorphisms and a functional haplotype are associated with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 25562673
  31. PAD-4 is inhibited by PTPN22. PMID: 26019128
  32. PADI4-94G/A polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in the overall population and in the Asian population. PMID: 26043831
  33. We propose that the influence of PADI4 on IL6ST transcription plays a role in the control of IL6ST expression during lineage differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. PMID: 24874575
  34. The prevalence and extent of ILD was markedly higher among RA patients with anti-PAD3/4 cross-reactive antibodies, even after accounting for relevant confounders, particularly among ever smokers. PMID: 24901704
  35. genetic variants in CDK6 and PADI4 were associated with anti-citrullinated cyclic peptide status in rheumatoid arthritis DRB1*04 negative patients PMID: 25138370
  36. Data indicate an association between peptidylarginine deiminase PADI4 and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the multiethnic population from South East Asia. PMID: 23164236
  37. rADI not only reduced NO production but also caused cellular toxicity in nNOS-activated SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting a dual role for rADI in NOS-mediated neurotoxicity. PMID: 25126568
  38. PADI4 polymorphisms are risk factors contributed to rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility, especially for anti-CCP positive disease, and may confer higher risk of radiographic severity in Chinese Han population. PMID: 24564960
  39. We found that PADI4 polymorphisms are associated with RA susceptibility, regardless of ACPA titers. PMID: 24454473
  40. results suggest that the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB may play a role in the repression of PAD4 transcription during inflammation PMID: 24140127
  41. anti-PAD4 autoantibodies (identified by their cross-reactivity with PAD3) markedly increase the catalytic efficiency of PAD4. PMID: 23698378
  42. PADI4 risk allele and HLA-DRB1 shared epitope are independent genetic risks for radiographic progression in Japanese rheumatoid arthritis patients PMID: 23577190
  43. Dysregulation of PAD4-mediated citrullination of nuclear GSK3beta activates TGF-beta signaling and induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. PMID: 23818587
  44. Therefore, our data strongly suggest that the N-terminal Ca(2+) ions play critical roles in the full activation of the PAD4 enzyme. PMID: 23382808
  45. Data indicate that the declined PADI4 mRNA was significantly associated with Line-1 demethylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. PMID: 22907585
  46. Our results suggested that rs2240340 in PADI4 gene is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in Yunnan. PMID: 23450494
  47. This meta-analysis suggests that PADI4 polymorphisms represent a significant risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis, especially in Asians. PMID: 22552437
  48. The synovial expression of cyclic citrullinated peptide and the generation of anti-CCP antibodies are strongly associated with shared epitope alleles and/or certain PADI4 gene SNPs in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 22944128
  49. The relationship between PADI4 and rheumatoid arthritis has been observed among Japanese. PMID: 23214088
  50. No single point association between genotype and allele frequency was found for rheumatoid arthritis in Tunisia. PMID: 22459419

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Involvement in disease
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoplasmic granule.
Protein Families
Protein arginine deiminase family
Tissue Specificity
Expressed in eosinophils and neutrophils, not expressed in peripheral monocytes or lymphocytes.
Database Links

HGNC: 18368

OMIM: 180300

KEGG: hsa:23569

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000364597

UniGene: Hs.522969

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