This recombinant rat C-C motif chemokine protein (Ccl28) is expressed in E. Coli, covering the full length of the mature protein (20-135aa) and is tag-free. The product shows a purity of over 96% as determined by SDS-PAGE and exhibits full biological activity. It appears to be validated in a chemotaxis bioassay using human lymphocytes with activity in the range of 5.0-50 ng/ml. The endotoxin level remains at less than 1.0 EU/µg, which likely ensures high-quality research applications.
Ccl28, a member of the C-C motif chemokine family, seems to play a crucial role in immune response by mediating the chemotaxis of lymphocytes to mucosal tissues. It may be involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. Its relevance to mucosal immunology research appears significant. Understanding its expression and regulation could be important for investigating various physiological and pathological processes in the immune system.
Potential Applications
Note: The applications listed below are based on what we know about this protein's biological functions, published research, and experience from experts in the field. However, we haven't fully tested all of these applications ourselves yet. We'd recommend running some preliminary tests first to make sure they work for your specific research goals.
1. Chemotaxis Assay Development and Optimization
This recombinant rat Ccl28 protein can serve as a positive control and reference standard in chemotaxis assays for studying immune cell migration. Its confirmed biological activity in human lymphocyte chemotaxis assays at 5.0-50 ng/ml concentrations provides a reliable tool for validating experimental protocols. Comparing results across different studies becomes more straightforward. The high purity (>96%) and low endotoxin levels make it suitable for sensitive cell-based assays where contamination might interfere with migration responses. Researchers can establish dose-response curves and optimize assay conditions for investigating chemokine-mediated cell recruitment mechanisms.
2. Cross-Species Chemokine Activity Studies
The demonstrated activity of rat Ccl28 on human lymphocytes suggests potential for cross-species comparative studies. These could examine chemokine receptor interactions and evolutionary conservation of chemotactic pathways. This protein can be used alongside human and mouse Ccl28 orthologs to investigate species-specific differences in receptor binding affinity and downstream signaling responses. Such comparative analyses would likely provide insights into the functional conservation of Ccl28 across mammalian species. They may also help validate animal models for immunological research.
3. Antibody Development and Validation
This tag-free, high-purity recombinant rat Ccl28 serves as an ideal immunogen and validation tool for developing Ccl28-specific antibodies. The mature protein sequence (20-135aa) represents the native form, making it suitable for generating antibodies that recognize endogenous Ccl28 in rat tissues and biological samples. The confirmed biological activity means that functional blocking antibodies can be properly characterized. High purity minimizes cross-reactivity issues during antibody screening and validation processes.
4. Receptor Binding and Competition Assays
The biologically active rat Ccl28 protein can be used in receptor binding studies to characterize its interaction with chemokine receptors, particularly CCR10 and CCR3 which are known Ccl28 receptors. Competition binding assays using this protein may help determine binding affinities and identify potential receptor antagonists or alternative ligands. The established active concentration range of 5.0-50 ng/ml provides a starting point for designing dose-response experiments. These could characterize receptor-ligand interactions in various cell types.
5. In Vitro Mucosal Immunity Research Models
Since Ccl28 appears to be associated with mucosal immune responses, this recombinant protein can be used to study immune cell recruitment and activation in in vitro models of mucosal immunity. Researchers can investigate how Ccl28 influences the migration and function of various immune cell populations relevant to mucosal tissues. This includes T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. The low endotoxin content suggests that observed cellular responses are specifically due to Ccl28 activity rather than inflammatory contamination. This makes it suitable for mechanistic studies of mucosal immune regulation.
