tax Antibody

Code CSB-PA321200XA01HQG
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Product Details

Full Product Name
Rabbit anti-Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea HS-35 subtype A) (HTLV-1) tax Polyclonal antibody
Uniprot No.
Target Names
tax
Alternative Names
tax antibody; Protein Tax-1 antibody; Protein X-LOR antibody; Protein PX antibody; Trans-activating transcriptional regulatory protein of HTLV-1 antibody
Raised in
Rabbit
Species Reactivity
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea HS-35 subtype A) (HTLV-1)
Immunogen
Recombinant Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea HS-35 subtype A) (HTLV-1) tax protein
Immunogen Species
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (isolate Caribbea HS-35 subtype A) (HTLV-1)
Conjugate
Non-conjugated
Clonality
Polyclonal
Isotype
IgG
Purification Method
Antigen Affinity Purified
Concentration
It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.
Buffer
Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Form
Liquid
Tested Applications
ELISA, WB (ensure identification of antigen)
Protocols
Troubleshooting and FAQs
Storage
Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
Value-added Deliverables
① 200ug * antigen (positive control);
② 1ml * Pre-immune serum (negative control);
Quality Guarantee
① Antibody purity can be guaranteed above 90% by SDS-PAGE detection;
② ELISA titer can be guaranteed 1: 64,000;
③ WB validation with antigen can be guaranteed positive;
Lead Time
Made-to-order (14-16 weeks)

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Target Background

Function
Transcriptional activator that activates both the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and cellular promoters via activation of CREB, NF-kappa-B, SRF and AP-1 pathways. Binds to three 21 bp repeat elements located within the LTRs, referred to as Tax-responsive elements (TRE). Binding to TRE requires the interaction with CREB1 and CREBBP. Also induces chromatin remodeling of proviral LTR-mediated gene expression by recruiting the histone acetyl transferases CREBBP and EP300 to the chromatin, which results in histone acetylation. Via its interaction with IKK regulatory subunit IKBKG, Tax-1 persistently stimulates I-kappa-B kinase (IKK), resulting in constitutive activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Induction of the nuclear expression of members of the NFkB family of transcription factors, which leads to up-regulated expression of many gene promoters containing NFkB motifs. These genes include those encoding IL2, IL15, IL2RA and IL15RA, leading to autocrine IL2/IL2RA and IL15/IL15RA loops. The resulting T-cell proliferation leads to malignant transformation and to the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). IL13, known to be linked to leukemogenesis, is also up-regulated by Tax-1. Interaction with PDZ domain-containing proteins induce IL2-independent growth, which may be a factor in multi-step leukemogenesis. Inhibits the action of at least three cellular tumor suppressors p53/TP53, RB1 and DLG1, and suppresses their abilities to dictate apoptosis in primary cells. Required for viral replication.
Gene References into Functions
  1. Suggest that HBZ-mediated Foxp3 expression is partly associated with the pathogenesis of HTLV-I-seropositive Sjogren's syndrome. PMID: 29600938
  2. High tax expression is associated with persistent HTLV1 infection and leukemogenesis. PMID: 29358408
  3. By fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), we detected the direct binding of Tax to DLG1 within the cell. The interaction specifically affects the cellular distribution of not only DLG1, but also Tax. The aggregates distribute into the Golgi apparatus in spatial association with the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). PMID: 29168728
  4. HTLV-1 Tax protein interacts with the central helicase core domain of UPF1 and freezes it, which leads to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay inhibition, which in turn helps HTLV-1 to ensure its own genome expression. PMID: 29382845
  5. A Luciferase Functional Quantitative Assay for Measuring NF-kB Promoter Transactivation Mediated by HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Tax Proteins. PMID: 28357663
  6. Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 Tax protein impairs K63-linked ubiquitination of STING and disrupted the interactions between STING and TBK1 to evade host innate immunity. PMID: 28119118
  7. Tax interacts with the host OGT/OGA complex and inhibits the activity of OGT-bound OGA. PMID: 28742148
  8. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax directly binds to BCL11B. Tax enhances BCL11B degradation through proteasome pathway. Loss of BCL11B enhances cell growth in HTLV-1-infected cells. PMID: 28669733
  9. these results lead us to propose a novel model in which the hybrid-chain-dependent oligomerization of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex triggered by Tax leads to trans-autophosphorylation-mediated IKK activation. PMID: 28103322
  10. Tax effect on ERalpha induced activation of genes by the classical pathway by testing its influence on E2-induced expression of Eestrogen response element promoter-driven luciferase reporter , is reported. PMID: 27420286
  11. In HIV-infected primary resting CD4(+) T cells, Tax-1 reactivated HIV-1 transcription up to five fold in an ex vivo latency model, these results confirm that HTLV-1/Tax hijacks cellular partners, promoting HIV-1 transcription. PMID: 28152383
  12. Tax and semaphorin 4D released from lymphocytes infected with human lymphotropic virus type 1 and inhibit neurite growth in a neuron cell line. PMID: 26389656
  13. evaluated Tax secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from human T-lymphotropic virus-type 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis patients (HAM/TSP) and asymptomatic carriers; also, Tax plasma level was evaluated from other HAM/TSP patients and asymptomatic carriers PMID: 26241614
  14. EGR-1 overexpression in Jurkat cells transfected to express Tax, promoted the activation of several genes, especially those that contained AP-1 (Jun/c-Fos), but knockdown of endogenous EGR-1 by siRNA reduced Tax-mediated JNK-1 transcription PMID: 26573109
  15. Our studies revealed the biochemical function of Tax in the process of IKK activation PMID: 27082114
  16. Tax1-mediated cell survival and death depend on the cell growth phase. PMID: 26829041
  17. Thus, CIITA inhibits cytoplasmic and nuclear steps of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax-1-mediated NF-kappaB activation. PMID: 26792751
  18. HIC specifically interacts with HTLV-1 Tax and negatively regulates Tax transactivational activity by altering its subcellular distribution and stability. PMID: 26469549
  19. Study used molecular combing techniques to study the effect of the oncoprotein Tax on DNA replication and found that replication forks have difficulties replicating complex DNA, fork progression is slower, and they pause or stall more frequently in the presence of Tax expression. PMID: 25185513
  20. unveiled a previously unidentified role of Foxp3 in T cell transformation, providing a molecular basis for HTLV-1 tax protein transformation of CD4+Foxp3+ T cells PMID: 26381169
  21. Study shows selective phosphorylation of PKCdelta in HTLV1infected T cells where Tax activates NFkappaB through PKCdelta activation. PMID: 25625567
  22. These results suggest that HTLV-I induces CD83 expression on T cells via Tax1 -mediated NF-kappaB activation, which may promote HTLV-I infection in vivo. PMID: 26129803
  23. Mechanistically, MEF-2 was recruited to the viral promoter (LTR, long terminal repeat) in the context of chromatin, and constituted Tax/CREB transcriptional complex via direct binding to the HTLV-1 LTR. PMID: 25809782
  24. Tax interacted with and activated TRAF6, and triggered its mitochondrial localization, where it conjugated four carboxyl-terminal lysine residues of MCL-1 with lysine 63-linked polyubiquitin chains PMID: 25340740
  25. Tax-1 but not Tax-2 induces cell transformation and increased plasmatocyte proliferation. PMID: 25995252
  26. The Tax oncogene enhances ELL incorporation into p300 and P-TEFb containing protein complexes to activate transcription. PMID: 26188510
  27. Results indicate that Tax-induced downregulation of Bim in HTLV-1-infected T cells promotes their IL-2-independent growth, thereby supporting the persistence of HTLV-1 infection in vivo. PMID: 25175936
  28. Tax confers apoptosis resistance to HTLV-1-infected T cells by suppressing the expression of Bim and Bid. PMID: 25522269
  29. Tax is responsible for suppressing BCL11B protein expression in HTLV-1-infected T-cells; Tax-mediated repression of BCL11B is another mechanism that Tax uses to promote oncogenesis of HTLV-1-infected T-cells. PMID: 25613934
  30. Tax potently inhibits the activity of DEx(D/H) box helicases RIG-I and MDA5 as well as Toll-dependent TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-beta (TRIF), which function as cellular sensors or mediators of viral RNA. PMID: 25694597
  31. study identified TCF1 and LEF1 as Tax antagonistic factors in vivo, a fact which may critically influence the peripheral T-cell tropism of this virus PMID: 25646419
  32. Data suggest that Tax recruitment of autophagic molecules to lipid rafts is a dominant strategy to deregulate autophagy in the context of HTLV-1 transformation of T cells. PMID: 24362528
  33. HTLV-1 Tax is recruited into the TBK1/IKKvarepsilon complexes as a scaffolding-adaptor protein that enhances IFN-beta gene expression. PMID: 25531185
  34. exosomes released from HTLV-1-infected Tax-expressing cells contributed to enhanced survival of exosome-recipient cells when treated with Fas antibody PMID: 24939845
  35. HTLV-1 Tax SUMOylation is not required for NF-kappaB-driven gene induction. PMID: 24991007
  36. Tax transactivates the ELL2 promoter in HTLV-1-infected T-cells. PMID: 25058508
  37. The interaction between human T cell lymphotropic virus type-I Tax and calreticulin was determined by confocal microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation. PMID: 24321043
  38. NF-kappaB-binding cofactor inhibitor of NF-kappaB-zeta (IkappaB-zeta) is constitutively expressed in HTLV-I-infected T cell lines and ATL cells, and Tax transactivates the IkappaB-zeta gene, mainly through NF-kappaB. PMID: 24027435
  39. Brd4 as a key regulator for Tax-mediated NF-kappaB gene expression PMID: 24189064
  40. Inhibition of HSP90 activity in HTLV-1-transformed cells elicited proteasomal degradation of Tax in the nuclear matrix and inhibition of NF-kappaB and HTLV-1 long terminal repeat activation. PMID: 24109220
  41. These data suggest that the expression of Tax among the different target cells may explain the variable presentation of HTLV-1 infections. PMID: 23816512
  42. These findings indicate that Tax enhances the expression of high mobility group box 1 gene at the transcriptional level, possibly by interacting with C/EBP. PMID: 23534754
  43. USP10 is a host factor that inhibits stress-induced ROS production and apoptosis in HTLV-1-infected T cells; however, its activities are attenuated by Tax. PMID: 23775713
  44. Our results suggest that HTLV-1 Tax1 fails to activate the canonical pathway of NF-kappaB in non-hematopoietic cell lines. PMID: 23791017
  45. Authors identified acetyltransferase p300 and deacetylase HDAC7 as enzymes modulating human T cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax protein acetylation. PMID: 23880157
  46. Group I p21-activated kinases augment Tax-mediated transcriptional activation of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 long terminal repeats in a kinase-independent manner. PMID: 23622267
  47. Tax-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte cell treatment significantly decreases human soluble IL-2Rgamma serum concentrations and prolongation of survival time in a mouse model of human adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. PMID: 23733874
  48. These findings revealed a new function of LKB1 and salt-inducible kinases as negative regulators of HTLV-1 transcription. PMID: 23577667
  49. Nevertheless, both human T cell leukemia virus type 2 and human T cell leukemia virus type 2 Tax preferentially immortalized CD4(+) T cells, but not CD8(+) T cells. PMID: 23054433
  50. Both Tax-1 and Tax-2 activate the NF-kappaB pathway via similar mechanisms involving ubiquitination and sumoylation. PMID: 23217160

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Subcellular Location
Host nucleus. Host cytoplasm.
Protein Families
Deltaretrovirus Tax protein family
Database Links

KEGG: vg:1491938

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