Mouse galanin prepropeptide (GAL) ELISA kit

Code CSB-EL009191MO
Size 96T,5×96T,10×96T
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Product Details

Target Name
galanin prepropeptide
Alternative Names
Gal ELISA Kit; Galn ELISA Kit; Galanin peptides [Cleaved into: Galanin; Galanin message-associated peptide ELISA Kit; GMAP)] ELISA Kit
Abbreviation
GAL
Uniprot No.
Species
Mus musculus (Mouse)
Sample Types
serum, plasma, tissue homogenates
Detection Range
31.25 pg/mL-2000 pg/mL
Sensitivity
7.81 pg/mL
Assay Time
1-5h
Sample Volume
50-100ul
Detection Wavelength
450 nm
Research Area
Cardiovascular
Assay Principle
quantitative
Measurement
Sandwich
Precision
Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay): CV%<8%
Three samples of known concentration were tested twenty times on one plate to assess.
Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays): CV%<10%
Three samples of known concentration were tested in twenty assays to assess.
Linearity
To assess the linearity of the assay, samples were spiked with high concentrations of mouse GAL in various matrices and diluted with the Sample Diluent to produce samples with values within the dynamic range of the assay.
  Sample Serum(n=4)
1:1 Average % 96
Range % 92-104
1:2 Average % 93
Range % 86-98
1:4 Average % 92
Range % 87-95
1:8 Average % 102
Range % 96-107
Recovery
The recovery of mouse GAL spiked to levels throughout the range of the assay in various matrices was evaluated. Samples were diluted prior to assay as directed in the Sample Preparation section.
Sample Type Average % Recovery Range
Serum (n=5) 92 88-95
EDTA plasma (n=4) 107 101-112
Typical Data
These standard curves are provided for demonstration only. A standard curve should be generated for each set of samples assayed.
pg/ml OD1 OD2 Average Corrected
2000 2.621 2.714 2.668 2.558
1000 2.203 2.320 2.262 2.152
500 1.655 1.699 1.677 1.567
250 1.047 1.122 1.085 0.975
125 0.788 0.745 0.767 0.657
62.5 0.463 0.462 0.463 0.353
31.25 0.212 0.223 0.218 0.108
0 0.108 0.111 0.110  
Troubleshooting
and FAQs
Storage
Store at 2-8°C. Please refer to protocol.
Lead Time
3-5 working days after you place the order, and it takes another 3-5 days for delivery via DHL or FedEx
Description

This Mouse GAL ELISA Kit was designed for the quantitative measurement of Mouse GAL protein in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. It is a Sandwich ELISA kit, its detection range is 31.25 pg/mL-2000 pg/mL and the sensitivity is 7.81 pg/mL.

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Target Background

Function
(From Uniprot)
Endocrine hormone of the central and peripheral nervous systems that binds and activates the G protein-coupled receptors GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3. This small neuropeptide may regulate diverse physiologic functions including contraction of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, growth hormone and insulin release and adrenal secretion.
Gene References into Functions
  1. Galanin, acting via the GAL1 receptor and Gi -coupled signalling in L and K cells, is a potent inhibitor of GLP-1 and GIP secretion PMID: 26661062
  2. Galanin released by cancer induces neuritogenesis, facilitating perineural invasion. PMID: 25917569
  3. Study shows that LIF-treated postmitotic oligodendrocytes secrete a number of neuropeptides, in particular galanin, at the mRNA and peptide level, and galanin itself was shown to be a survival factor for oligodendrocytes PMID: 25639936
  4. Results suggest that GAL is a regulator of myelination, as demonstrated by MBP synthesis, and may be one of the myelination promoters PMID: 25450959
  5. Oleuropein protects mice from gh-fat diet induced adiposity by upregulation of genes involved in WNT10b-mediated signaling and downregulation of genes involved in galanin-mediated signaling cascades. PMID: 25104077
  6. medial preoptic area galanin neurons emerge as an essential regulatory node of male and female parenting behaviour and other social responses PMID: 24828191
  7. Analysis of the gene proximal region using EMSA and ChIP assays showed that CREB protein interacts with the galanin promoter both in vitro and in vivo. Additional EMSA analysis revealed that an SP1 consensus site mediated protein-DNA complex formation. PMID: 24487089
  8. The expression of mRNA galanin is increased following chronic restraint stress. PMID: 23639882
  9. These results suggest that sertraline-related galanin induction in ventral dentate gyrus may play an important role in therapeutic mechanisms for depression. PMID: 23583289
  10. extended perifornical area galanin-LepRb neurons galanin acts inhibitory rather than orexigenic PMID: 23482448
  11. The results suggest that neither galanin expression, nor the galanin-dependent subpopulation of sensory neurons is required for itch-related behaviours. PMID: 23216829
  12. Galanin transcript expression increased significantly in male mouse major pelvic ganglia neurons after 72 h in explant culture & 72 h after unilateral transection of the cavernous nerve. PMID: 22585545
  13. results indicate normal cholinergic responses and innervation of the sweat glands in galanin knockout mice, they also demonstrate that galanin plays a role in regulating the sudomotor activity in response to thermal stimulation PMID: 22698811
  14. GAL is a promising next-generation target for the treatment of MS. PMID: 22442732
  15. Galanin opposes the actions of morphine which leads to opiate dependence and withdrawal, an effect that is mediated via GalR1 PMID: 21969124
  16. Subpopulations of kisspeptin neurons express galanin and met-enkephalin in the rostral periventricular region of the hypothalamus. PMID: 21800299
  17. These data showed that the galanin system is regulated by repeated electroconvulsive stimulation in brain regions involved in monoaminergic neurotransmission and stress modulation. PMID: 21820174
  18. examined the role of galanin signaling in nicotine reward by testing the effects of nicotine in mice lacking galanin peptide (GAL-/-) as compared to wild-type (GAL+/+) controls PMID: 21172385
  19. Galanin, a potent inhibitor of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion, is involved in the induction and progression of cerulein-induced experimental acute pancreatitis. PMID: 21160373
  20. Data show that the galanin system is regulated by repeated electroconvulsive stimulation in a number of brain regions implicated in seizure regulation and depression. PMID: 20936701
  21. results suggest the possible association of the galanin-mediated signaling pathways in the manifestation of the high-fat diet-induced activation of adipogenesis along with the suppression of thermogenesis in the adipose tissues PMID: 20183829
  22. Galanin is able to reduce neuropathic pain behaviour. PMID: 20964829
  23. Hypothalamic galanin peptides play a physiological role in stimulating the consumption of ethanol, as well as a fat-rich diet. PMID: 19860804
  24. Suggest a role for galanin in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. PMID: 19959967
  25. These results obtained with overexpression of the GAL gene provide strong support for a physiological role of this peptide in stimulating the consumption of ethanol and a fat-rich diet. PMID: 20004335
  26. galanin knockout mice indicate that the peptide is critical to the development and function of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system PMID: 11712539
  27. Galanin modulates anxiety states induced by high levels of noradrenaline;a specific role for galanin in anxiety states represents an attractive target for novel anxiolytic treatments. PMID: 11931346
  28. findings are the first demonstration that galanin impairs performance on an emotional memory task and support the hypothesis that galanin-induced deficits are specific to more difficult cognitive tasks PMID: 12177231
  29. upregulation of galanin in DRG neurones following nerve injury results in antinociception via stimulation of galanin GAL1 receptors and that the pro-nociceptive effect of galanin is related to GAL2 receptors on primary afferents--review PMID: 12368071
  30. Perinatal nicotine attenuates the hypoxia-induced up-regulation of galanin mRNA in locus ceruleus of the newborn mouse. PMID: 12409526
  31. neither hippocampal nor cortical galanin levels in the two cohorts of GAL-tg consistently correlated with performance across diverse cognitive tasks PMID: 12507436
  32. GAL inhibited TNF alpha release but not its mRNA levels in BV2 cells. GAL inhibits TNF alpha production by a post-transcriptional mechanism that both prevents the efficient addition of the poly(A) tail and accelerates TNF alpha mRNA degradation. PMID: 12507772
  33. Evidence is provided for an inhibitory function for the neuropeptide galanin acting on galanin receptor 1 (GALR1) in nociception and neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury in mice. PMID: 12605908
  34. data establish a new role for galanin as a hormone augmenting mammary development during pregnancy PMID: 12759342
  35. modulates behavioral and neurochemical signs of opiate withdrawal PMID: 12853567
  36. role of galanin in the regulation of release of NA and 5-HT in the hippocampus after forced swimming PMID: 14701907
  37. The unexpected obesity phenotype in galanin-neuropeptide Y double knockout mice may result from the dysregulation of the leptin and insulin systems that normally keep body weight within the homeostatic range. PMID: 15024085
  38. galanin may contribute to sympathetic influences inhibiting insulin secretion in mice, and galanin knockout mice have a reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion. PMID: 15044363
  39. Increased availability of galanin in spinal dorsal horn at the time or shortly after nerve injury may reduce the development of pain-like behaviors in mice. PMID: 15464755
  40. galanin may have a role in functions related to mood states including affective disorders PMID: 15582716
  41. mechanistic relationship between amyloidosis and GAL over expression in Alzheimer disease PMID: 15893372
  42. Lack of galanin-maintained cAMP tone in the galanin knockout mouse appears to result in a loss of negative feedback resulting in increased levels of CREB phosphorylation and increased GalR1 expression. PMID: 15934937
  43. estrogen receptors in trigeminal neurons modulate nociceptive responses through effects on galanin and NPY PMID: 15936815
  44. Mice overexpressing galanin had a moderate heat hypoalgesia, reduced spinal sensitization after repetitive C-fiber stimulation and reduced development of neuropathic pain-like behavior after sciatic nerve injury PMID: 15944013
  45. excess GAL in cognitive impairment is relevant to the overexpression of GAL in the basal forebrain during the progression of Alzheimer's disease PMID: 15944016
  46. galanin is involved in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, in particular in age-related reduction of synaptic plasticity in the lateral perforant path input to the dentate gyrus PMID: 15944020
  47. The highest levels of transgenic galanin expression were observed in the forebrain structures, in the mesencephalon, in the cerebellum, in the pons, and within the medulla oblongata PMID: 15944025
  48. galanin may have a role in functions related to mood states, including affective disorders PMID: 15944026
  49. overexpression of galanin can influence several behavioral and neurochemical parameters in old mice PMID: 15944027
  50. both Gal and NPY contribute to the prolonged attenuation of parasympathetic slowing of the heart following activation of the cardiac sympathetic nerve PMID: 15944033

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Subcellular Location
Secreted.
Protein Families
Galanin family
Database Links
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