The recombinant human IL1RAP protein is a biologically active molecule produced in mammalian cells, ensuring correct folding and post-translational modifications essential for functionality. It includes the extracellular portion of the IL1RAP protein, covering amino acids 21 to 359, and features a C-terminal 10xHis tag to facilitate purification and analytical use. Supplied as a lyophilized powder, this recombinant IL1RAP protein achieves high purity—greater than 95%—as determined by both SDS-PAGE and SEC-HPLC analyses. Endotoxin levels are maintained below 1.0 EU/µg, verified through the LAL assay, making it suitable for sensitive biological assays. Functional activity is confirmed via ELISA, where the immobilized IL1RAP at 2 μg/mL specifically binds to the anti-IL1RAP recombinant antibody (CSB-RA878844MA1HU), with an EC50 in the range of 0.9667 to 1.477 ng/mL. These properties make it a reliable reagent for studies involving IL1RAP-mediated signaling or antibody interactions.
IL1RAP plays a crucial role in various biological processes, particularly in mediating the signaling pathways associated with interleukin-1 cytokines. IL1RAP is essential for the formation of receptor complexes necessary for the biological activity of the interleukin-1 family of cytokines, including IL-1α and IL-1β. Upon binding to its respective receptors, IL1RAP enhances the signaling cascade that initiates inflammatory responses and immune reactions [1][2].
One key function of IL1RAP is to act as a co-receptor that forms a heterotrimeric complex with the IL-1R and the cytokine itself. This complex is crucial for signal transduction through pathways such as NF-kB, which is pivotal in inflammatory responses and cellular activation [3][4]. For instance, the interaction of IL1RAP with IL-1R leads to the activation of downstream signaling molecules, including MyD88, which is integral to the innate immunity signaling axis [5][6].
Moreover, IL1RAP has a demonstrated role in hematopoiesis and the regulation of specific blood cell populations. Research indicates that IL1RAP upregulation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with an increased proliferation of myeloid cells, suggesting it may serve as a biomarker or target for immunotherapy in hematological malignancies [7][8]. Furthermore, it has been implicated in the differentiation and activation of various immune cells, such as T lymphocytes and mast cells, emphasizing its significance in adaptive immunity as well [5][9].
Additionally, IL1RAP exists in various isoforms that have differential expression patterns across tissues, indicating specialized functions depending on the cellular context. For example, the soluble form of IL1RAP has been linked to anti-inflammatory responses, enhancing its complexity beyond merely inflammatory roles [10]. The interplay between different isoforms highlights the nuanced regulation of immune responses and the potential for therapeutic strategies targeting IL1RAP, especially in the context of inflammatory diseases [9].
Lastly, the involvement of IL1RAP in synaptogenesis and neuronal function has been noted, indicating its broader relevance beyond the immune system. In this context, IL1RAP is linked to the organization of synapses and signaling in the central nervous system, contributing to cognitive and emotional processes [4][11].
References:
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[9] W. Warda, F. Larosa, et al. Cml hematopoietic stem cells expressing il1rap can be targeted by chimeric antigen receptor–engineered t cells. Cancer Research, vol. 79, no. 3, p. 663-675, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1078
[10] H. Chung, L. Middleton, et al. Longitudinal clinical and proteomic diabetes signatures in women with a history of postgestational diabetes. Jci Insight, vol. 10, no. 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.183213
[11] T. Yoshida, M. Yasumura, et al. Il-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 associated with mental retardation and autism mediates synapse formation bytrans-synaptic interaction with protein tyrosine phosphatase δ. Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 31, no. 38, p. 13485-13499, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2136-11.2011
