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Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Can also sulfate Gal residues in desulfated dermatan sulfate. Preferentially sulfates in GlcA->GalNAc unit than in IdoA->GalNAc unit. Does not form 4, 6-di-O-sulfated GalNAc when chondroitin sulfate C is used as an acceptor.
Gene References into Functions
A C4ST-1 construct was designed and expressed in both Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris in its non-glycosylated and glycosylated forms. Both constructs showed similar activity albeit different kinetic parameters when acting on a microbially prepared unsulfated chondroitin substrate. Moreover, the glycosylated form of C4ST-1 showed lower stability than the non-glycosylated form. PMID: 28761999
data demonstrate that the hip osteoarthritis susceptibility is mediated by differential protein binding to the alleles of rs835487 and rs835488, which are located within an enhancer whose target may be CHST11 during chondrogenesis or an alternative gene. PMID: 27391021
These results have demonstrated that CHST11 and CHST13 negatively modulate metastasis and drug resistance of HCC cells probably via oncogenic MAPK signal pathway. PMID: 26993826
We conclude that CHSTs involved in the synthesis of CS-A and CS-E might influence ovarian cancer progression, and we suggest CHST11 as independent unfavorable prognostic factor in this entity. PMID: 26084610
CHST11 may play a direct role in progression of breast cancer and that its expression is controlled by DNA methylation. Therefore, in addition to CHST11 mRNA levels, the methylation status of this gene also has potential as a prognostic biomarker. PMID: 25586191
Silencing Wnt9A increased the expression of CHST11 in the colonic epithelial cells, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated enhancing effects of Wnt9A siRNA and exogenous BMP4 on the CHST11 promoter PMID: 25511584
reduced C4ST-1 expression and chondroitin sulfation imbalance mediating the effects of oncogenic HRAS signaling in the pathogenesis of Costello syndrome. PMID: 22317973
Cell surface P-selectin binding depends on CHST11 gene expression. CSPG4 serves as a P-selectin ligand through its CS chain and participates in P-selectin binding to the highly metastatic breast cancer cells. PMID: 21658254
Forced expression of C4ST-1 in L-Wnt-3a cells inhibited diffusion of Wnt-3a due to structural alterations in CS chains mediated by C4ST-1. PMID: 21123170
identified TGFbeta- responsive regulatory modules that can function in a cell type-specific fashion. Taken together, our results identify TGFbeta-dependent and -independent cis-regulatory modules of the C4ST-1 gene PMID: 19937589
human D4ST-1, C4ST-1, and S4ST-2 have differential roles in dermatan sulfate biosynthesis PMID: 12847091
C4ST-1 and C6ST-1 differ from each other in the recognition of uronic acid residues adjacent to the targeted GalNAc residue PMID: 15324304
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Involvement in disease
A chromosomal aberration involving CHST11 is found in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias. Translocation t(12;14)(q23;q32) with IgH.
Subcellular Location
Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.
Protein Families
Sulfotransferase 2 family
Tissue Specificity
Widely expressed. Highly expressed in spleen, thymus, bone marrow, peripheral blood leukocytes, lymph node, heart, brain, lung and placenta.