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Essential component of the NELF complex, a complex that negatively regulates the elongation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. The NELF complex, which acts via an association with the DSIF complex and causes transcriptional pausing, is counteracted by the P-TEFb kinase complex.; (Microbial infection) The NELF complex is involved in HIV-1 latency possibly involving recruitment of PCF11 to paused RNA polymerase II.
Gene References into Functions
A positively charged face of NELF-AC is involved in RNA binding, whereas the opposite face of the NELF-AC subcomplex binds NELF-B. NELF-B is predicted to form a HEAT repeat fold, also binds RNA in vivo, and anchors the subunit NELF-E, which is confirmed to bind RNA in vivo. PMID: 27282391
These studies allow us to position the actions of two new modulators of GR-regulated transactivation, NELF-A and NELF-B, relative to other factors in the overall gene induction sequence. PMID: 24097989
data show that NELF subunits exhibit highly specific subcellular localizations, such as in NELF bodies or in midbodies, and some shuttle actively between the nucleus and cytoplasm; loss of NELF from cells can lead to enlarged and/or multiple nuclei PMID: 19245807
haploinsufficiency of SLBP and/or WHSC2 (NELF-A) contributes to several novel cellular phenotypes of WHS. PMID: 22328085
NELF-C and NELF-D are highly related or identical to the protein called TH1, of unknown function. NELF-B and NELF-C or NELF-D are integral subunits that bring NELF-A and NELF-E together. [NELF-B] [NELF-C] PMID: 12612062
Negative elongation factor (NELF) is a four subunit transcription factor. Our results point to a surprising role of NELF in the 3' end processing of histone mRNAs and suggest that NELF is a new factor that coordinates mRNA processing in transcription PMID: 17499042
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Subcellular Location
Nucleus.
Protein Families
NELF-A family
Tissue Specificity
Ubiquitous. Expressed in heart, brain, placenta, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas. Expressed at lower level in adult lung. Expressed in fetal brain, lung, liver and kidney.