VKORC1 Antibody

Code CSB-PA22899A0Rb
Size US$166
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Image
  • IHC image of CSB-PA22899A0Rb diluted at 1:200 and staining in paraffin-embedded human lung tissue performed on a Leica BondTM system. After dewaxing and hydration, antigen retrieval was mediated by high pressure in a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Section was blocked with 10% normal goat serum 30min at RT. Then primary antibody (1% BSA) was incubated at 4°C overnight. The primary is detected by a biotinylated secondary antibody and visualized using an HRP conjugated SP system.

  • IHC image of CSB-PA22899A0Rb diluted at 1:200 and staining in paraffin-embedded human liver cancer performed on a Leica BondTM system. After dewaxing and hydration, antigen retrieval was mediated by high pressure in a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Section was blocked with 10% normal goat serum 30min at RT. Then primary antibody (1% BSA) was incubated at 4°C overnight. The primary is detected by a biotinylated secondary antibody and visualized using an HRP conjugated SP system.

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Product Details

Full Product Name
Rabbit anti-Homo sapiens (Human) VKORC1 Polyclonal antibody
Uniprot No.
Target Names
VKORC1
Alternative Names
3-epoxide reductase subunit 1 antibody; EDTP308 antibody; FLJ00289 antibody; IMAGE3455200 antibody; MGC2694 antibody; MST134 antibody; MST576 antibody; Phylloquinone epoxide reductase antibody; Vitamin K dependent clotting factors deficiency 2 antibody; Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 antibody; Vitamin K1 2 antibody; Vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide reductase subunit 1 antibody; Vitamin K1 epoxide reductase (warfarin sensitive) antibody; VKCFD2 antibody; VKOR antibody; VKOR1_HUMAN antibody; VKORC1 antibody
Raised in
Rabbit
Species Reactivity
Human
Immunogen
Recombinant Human Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 protein (30-74AA)
Immunogen Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Conjugate
Non-conjugated

The VKORC1 Antibody (Product code: CSB-PA22899A0Rb) is Non-conjugated. For VKORC1 Antibody with conjugates, please check the following table.

Available Conjugates
Conjugate Product Code Product Name Application
HRP CSB-PA22899B0Rb VKORC1 Antibody, HRP conjugated ELISA
FITC CSB-PA22899C0Rb VKORC1 Antibody, FITC conjugated
Biotin CSB-PA22899D0Rb VKORC1 Antibody, Biotin conjugated ELISA
Clonality
Polyclonal
Isotype
IgG
Purification Method
>95%, Protein G purified
Concentration
It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.
Buffer
Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Form
Liquid
Tested Applications
ELISA, IHC
Recommended Dilution
Application Recommended Dilution
IHC 1:200-1:500
Troubleshooting and FAQs
Storage
Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
Lead Time
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.

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Target Background

Function
Involved in vitamin K metabolism. Catalytic subunit of the vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) complex which reduces inactive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to active vitamin K. Vitamin K is required for the gamma-carboxylation of various proteins, including clotting factors, and is required for normal blood coagulation, but also for normal bone development.
Gene References into Functions
  1. the VKORC1 -1639G>A polymorphism is not a risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis PMID: 29437025
  2. In this study, we showed that patients with VKORC1-1639GA and CYP2C9*1/*1 alleles have lower sensitivity for warfarin than those with VKORC1-1639AA and CYP2C9*1/*1 alleles. PMID: 29781049
  3. VKORC1-1639A variant allele influenced warfarin daily maintenance dosage among our small, likely admixed Black patient population. PMID: 29218998
  4. Polymorphism in the promoter region of VKORC1 is effective in warfarin medication. PMID: 28846878
  5. The plasma S-warfarin (Cp(S)) time courses following the genotype-based dosing algorithms simulated using the PPK estimates showed African Americans with CYP2C9*1/*1 and any of the VKORC1 genotypes would have an average Cp(S) at steady state 1.5-1.8 times higher than in Asians and whites. PMID: 27503578
  6. The final regression models for White and Black patients (Fig. 1) included age, weight, prosthetic valves, amiodarone use, CYP2C9*3, and VKORC1 3673 G>A genotypes as covariates, whereas possession of CYP2C9*2 and simvastatin use were retained in the final model for White, but not Black patients. PMID: 28263279
  7. No relationship between VKORC1 variants and clinical outcomes in elderly patients treated with vitamin K antagonists. PMID: 28834238
  8. Until the age of 19, weight has a far greater effect on Vitamin K antagonist dosing variation than VKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms. During the age of 20-40years, VKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms play a significant role. PMID: 28284562
  9. The VKORC1: c.-1639 G>A polymorphism is associated with aneurysms of the ascending aorta. PMID: 28222321
  10. 1639G4A polymorphism of the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 gene (VKORC1) is likely to be a new risk factor of Retinal Vascular Occlusion. PMID: 28635929
  11. Studied the association of CYP2C9*2 (430C/T), *3 (1075A/C) and VKORC1 (-1639G/A) polymorphisms on warfarin dose requirements in patients post cardiac valve surgery. Found age and presence of CYP2C9 *2 allele significantly affect the daily dosage of warfarin during initiation of warfarin therapy after cardiac valve replacement surgery. PMID: 29182754
  12. The expression of VKOR in benign prostate epithelial cells, along with the association between a functional VKOR SNP and prostate cancer risk, suggests a possible role for VKOR in mediating the effect of warfarin on prostate cancer risk. PMID: 27889279
  13. analysis of VKORC1 AA-CYP2C9*1*1 genotypes reveals dosing algorithms for vitamin K antagonists PMID: 28063245
  14. VKORC1 genotype influenced the likelihood of INR lability during warfarin maintenance in atrial fibrillation patients. PMID: 28412319
  15. results suggest that the VKORC1 gene rs7294 polymorphism is important for the development of essential hypertension PMID: 28281786
  16. Patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by the use of NSAID or low dose aspirin are more frequent carriers of the VKORC1-1639 G>A polymorphism. PMID: 28338108
  17. Our results supported an enzyme activating role for rs56314408C of VKORC1 while rs9923231G>A had no evidence of being functional PMID: 26847243
  18. Polymorphisms in VKORC1 partially affected daily warfarin dosage requirements. VKORC1 genotype and height are the primary determinants influencing warfarin dosage in Japanese pediatric patients. PMID: 27262824
  19. VKORC polymorphism affects PC dosage in the initiation as well as the maintenance phase. High rates of bleeding complications and thromboembolic events were found at the beginning of PC therapy in VAD patients. PMID: 26984978
  20. Genetic variants of CYP2C9/VKORC1 and age are significant determinants of the maintenance dose of warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation/valve replacement. PMID: 27117036
  21. The Arg98Trp mutation disrupts an ER retention motif of VKORC1 leading to mislocalisation of the protein to outside the endoplasmatic reticulum. In this review, we summarize the clinical data, diagnosis, therapy and molecular pathomechanism of VKCFD2. PMID: 27824210
  22. Possession of CYP2C9*2 and/or CYP2C9*3 allele variants is associated with lower time of international normalized ratio (INR) in the therapeutic range (TTR) values and warfarin dose variations in aortic valve replacement patients, the latter affected also by VKORC1 c.-1693G>A polymorphism PMID: 27511999
  23. Three SNPs (CYP2C9 *2, *3 and VKORC1 c.-1639G > A) were genotyped by electrochemical detection using a sandwich-type format that included a 3' short thiol capture probe and a 5' ferrocene-labeled signal probe. PMID: 28083852
  24. Our results show that anticoagulated patients have a high risk of adverse events if they are carriers of 1 or more genetic polymorphisms in the VKORC1 (rs9923231) and CYP2C9 (rs1799853 and rs1057910) genes. PMID: 28033245
  25. The VKORC1 (-1693 G>A) AA genotype was associated with fewer cases of DVT (odds ratio = 0.435; 95% confidence interval 0.205-0.991; P = .031). PMID: 25976278
  26. This study provides data on VKORC1 and CYP4F2 variants among an indigenous Ghanaian population. In a multivariate analysis, duration of Ghanaian patients on warfarin therapy and VKORC1 gene was associated with warfarin dose classification. PMID: 27938396
  27. Obtained results suggested that VKORC1 -1639A allele can be a possible genetic risk factor for IS in Ukrainian population. PMID: 27703968
  28. VKORC1-CYP2C9 interaction can affect warfarin stable dosage. PMID: 25187307
  29. VKORC1S1639 GG and the wild type CYP2C9*1*1genotypes are associated with the high-dose requirement for warfarin therapy. PMID: 24978953
  30. A protein homology model of human VKORC1 was constructed to elucidate the binding modes of vitamin K 2,3-epoxide, R-warfarin, & S-warfarin in wild-type & mutant VKORC1 enzymes. Structural analysis of each model in conjunction with automated in-silico docking, provided a mechanism that explains warfarin resistance associated with the Val66Met & other VKORC1 polymorphisms. PMID: 26513304
  31. This study explored the correlations of VKORC1-1639 G/A, 1173 C/T and 497 T/G genetic polymorphisms with warfarin maintenance dose requirement in patients undergoing cardiac valve PMID: 26583785
  32. we identified differences in the frequency distribution in the Tibetan population located in the ALOX5 , VKORC1 and PTGS2 genes PMID: 26505400
  33. Our meta-analysis provides strong evidence that two SNPs in the VKORC1 gene, rs2359612 and rs9923231, contribute to the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. PMID: 26600534
  34. ESR1 and VKORC1 single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to determine the vitamin K dosage in patients with ulcer-related hemorrhage. PMID: 27434945
  35. In this study, we investigated two VKORC1 gene polymorphisms, -1639G/A and 1173C/T, for effects on warfarin maintenance dosage in valvular heart disease (VHD) patients PMID: 26167638
  36. Patients with VKORC1-1639A allele were more likely to require lower doses of both drugs than patients with the G allele (Odds ratio [OR] for acenocoumarol 9.06, and OR for warfarin = 18.7). PMID: 26757860
  37. presence of CYP2C9*3 or VKORC1*2 gene polymorphism were associated with decrease in acenocoumarol dose requirements PMID: 26781925
  38. performed tests of association between five common VKORC1 SNPs and two different measurements of vitamin K levels, dietary (n=5,725) and serum (n=348), in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Studies (NHANES III) PMID: 25592578
  39. After biomechanical aortic valve replacement, warfarin resistance caused by VKORC1 gene mutation. PMID: 25885753
  40. Our algorithm achieved a determination coefficient of 40% including the variables age, gender, weight, height, self-declared race, amiodarone use, enzyme inducers use, VKORC1 genotypes and predicted phenotypes according to CYP2C9 polymorphisms PMID: 26050796
  41. The frequency of CYP2C9, CYP4F2, and VKORC1 polymorphisms in Russian patients with thrombosis is comparable with other European ethnic groups. PMID: 24858991
  42. Genetic polymorphisms in VKORC1, CYP2C9 along with age and height are determinants of warfarin dose requirements in Egyptian population acute coronary syndrome. PMID: 25699611
  43. Polymorphisms in VKORC1 (involved in the vitamin K cycle), are considered to be responsible for the variability in the individual daily dose requirement in Thromboembolic diseases treatment. PMID: 24962733
  44. There was no difference in distribution of polymorphic genes ESR1 and VKORC1 in peptic ulcer hemorrhage patients of both sexes, with the exception of A/A VKORC1 genotype found in women. PMID: 26939421
  45. VKORC1 1173C>T and VKORC1 -1639G>A gene polymorphisms are associated with stable warfarin maintenance dose and adverse events of warfarin therapy. PMID: 26445138
  46. Around 42.5% of the overall interindividual variability in warfarin dose requirements was explained : VKORC1 genotype accounted for 29.6%, CYP2C9 genotype for 4.3%, age for 3.6%, the CYP4F2 genotype for 3.3%, and CAR/HNF4alpha (rs2501873/rs3212198) for 1.7% PMID: 25356900
  47. VKORC1 genotypic data-based dose prediction alone does not accurately predict warfarin dose requirements in some Malaysian patients. PMID: 26422867
  48. Polymorphisms in VKORC1 gene is associated with warfarin dose changes in different race during venous thromboembolism. PMID: 26024874
  49. Eliminating the influence from environment factors , rs9923231 and rs1057910 in VKORC1 could explain about 32.0% of the variability in warfarin maintenance dose; rs7294 could explain 26.7% of the variability in plasma concentration. PMID: 25594941
  50. VKORC1 rs9923231 polymorphism had the highest impact on acenocoumarol daily dose in a South Indian population. PMID: 25519826

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Involvement in disease
Combined deficiency of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors 2 (VKCFD2); Coumarin resistance (CMRES)
Subcellular Location
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Protein Families
VKOR family
Tissue Specificity
Expressed at highest levels in fetal and adult liver, followed by fetal heart, kidney, and lung, adult heart, and pancreas.
Database Links

HGNC: 23663

OMIM: 122700

KEGG: hsa:79001

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000378426

UniGene: Hs.324844

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