Recombinant Human DNA polymerase beta (POLB)

1. point mutation (C-->G) in position 725 in exon 12, which shifts proline to arginine (P242R).This is a newly reported somatic mutation of pol beta in ovarian carcinoma patients from India PMID: 29524322
2. Presently, we describe the preparation of three Pol beta enzymes modified at position 72 with aminooxy or hydrazinyl analogues of lysine. These enzymes form transient covalent bonds with the 5'-dRP moiety of the damaged DNA, in the form of an oxime or hydrazone, respectively PMID: 29625008
3. MSH2-MSH3 not only stimulates pol beta to copy through the repeats but also enhances formation of the flap precursor for expansion. PMID: 27546332
4. Bond formation and cleavage reactions catalyzed by base excision repair DNA polymerases beta and lambda has been described. PMID: 27992186
5. POLB, is located in the mitochondria and plays a significant role in mitochondrial BER, mtDNA integrity and mitochondrial function. [REVIEW] PMID: 29129598
6. In the mitochondrial extracts from APTX-/- cells, the strong pol beta lyase and FEN1 activities appear able to repair the blocked BER intermediates with 5'-AMP-dRP groups.Neither pol gamma lyase nor FEN1 alone is able to complement APTX deficiency in the absence of pol beta. PMID: 28973450
7. human polymerase beta, accommodates 8-oxoG at the primer terminus opposite cytosine and adenine. PMID: 28449123
8. POLB functions in base excision repair to fill in single-nucleotide gaps and exhibits mutation E288K associated with colon cancer. Data suggest that E288K mutant POLB exhibits faster rate of closing of fingers domain combined with slower rate of nucleotide release compared to wild-type POLB; loss of fidelity appears due to defect in interaction of E288K mutant POLB with DNA, resulting in stable, closed enzyme structure. PMID: 28945359
9. Unencumbered polymerase beta lyase activity in nucleosome core particles during base excision repair has been reported. PMID: 28911106
10. pol beta and BRCA1 appeared to have a functional interaction, observed in both DT40 and human cell lines, in protecting cells against alkylating MMS-induced cytotoxicity; but pol beta had no protective effect in the absence of BRCA1. In vivo and in vitro assays for a base excision repair role of BRCA1 were negative. PMID: 23826138
11. hPolbeta discriminates against L-stereochemistry through accumulation of several active site rearrangements that lead to a decreased nucleotide binding affinity and incorporation rate. The two NRTIs escape some of the active site selection through the base and sugar modifications but are selected against through the inability of hPolbeta to complete thumb domain closure. PMID: 28402499
12. pol beta contains a specific NLS sequence in the N-terminal lyase domain that promotes transport of the protein independent of its interaction partners. Active nuclear uptake allows development of a nuclear/cytosolic concentration gradient against a background of passive diffusion. PMID: 27956495
13. Data suggest that POLB activity is not essential for HIV-1 integration into human macrophages and other cells; limited cellular dNTP pools, but not POLB expression, are primary factor for HIV-1 DNA gap repair, particularly in non-dividing cells. PMID: 28684413
14. High DNA polymerase beta mRNA expression is associated with Graves' thyroid tissue. PMID: 27848228
15. Polbeta was shown to inhibit the 3'->5' exonuclease activity of APE1 when both enzymes were added simultaneously and to insert the correct nucleotide into the gap arising after hydrolysis of AP site clustered with the benzo[a]pyrene adducts. PMID: 28065385
16. Remote mutations induce functional changes in active site residues of human DNA polymerase beta. PMID: 28402631
17. It has been concluded based on calculations and the experimental pH profile that the most likely path for the wild-type (WT) and the D256E and D256A mutants is a proton transfer (PT) to the bulk, although the WT may also use a PT to Asp 256. PMID: 27488241
18. The homozygous/heterozygous genotypes containing the African allele showed higher POLB expression than the homozygous white allele genotype (P < .001). A replication study using a GEO data set validated all 5 eQTLs and also showed a statistically significant difference in POLB expression based on genetic ancestry (P = .002). PMID: 27906459
19. HMGB1 stimulates activity of DNA polymerase beta on nucleosome substrates in the process of base excision repair. PMID: 28098985
20. The results help to define the tolerance of DNA Pol beta to subtle local structural and functional alterations derived from lysine 72. PMID: 28005340
21. PolB is ubiquitylated on amino-acid residues K206 and K244 when not in a complex with XRCC1. PMID: 25423885
22. a substitution mutation, R152C, impairs Pol beta polymerase activity and DNA base excision repair efficiency. PMID: 26760506
23. These results suggest that polbeta gene with G648C mutation in surgically resected esophagus may be clinically useful for predicting responsiveness to chemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer PMID: 26334617
24. Data show that esophageal carcinoma (EC) cells expressing the DNA polymerase beta K167I variant to be sensitive to DNA damaging agents. PMID: 26527528
25. Pol lambda can incorporate rNMPs opposite normal bases or 8-oxo-G, and with a different fidelity. Further, the incorporation of rNMPs opposite 8-oxo-G delays repair by DNA glycosylases. PMID: 26917111
26. POLB was pinpointed as a target gene of miR- 499. Additionally, we identified that miR-499 can enhance cisplatin's function of inhibiting proliferation and of promoting apoptosis in EC9706 and KYSE30 cell lines. PMID: 26159783
27. Since APE1, XRCC1 and POLB proteins operate downstream the same DNA repair pathway to eliminate DNA oxidative damage, their expression above basal levels found in our study could reveal excessive oxidative stress in high-grade bladder tumors. PMID: 26238022
28. findings indicate that the IKBKB and POLB SNPs confer no genetic predisposition to SLE risk in this Chinese Han population PMID: 26167925
29. The structure of pol beta in binary complex with template 8-oxoG in a base excision repair substrate, is reported.[Dna polymerase beta] PMID: 22178760
30. Fen1 significantly stimulated trinucleotide repeats expansion by Pol beta, but not by the related enzyme Pol lambda. PMID: 25687118
31. Data show that tongue cancer resistance-associated protein 1 (TCRP1) contributes to cisplatin (DDP) resistance via the increased expression of DNA polymerase beta subunit (Pol beta) in lung cancer cells. PMID: 25260657
32. DNA polymerase beta catalyzes lesion bypass across benzo[a]pyrene-derived DNA adduct in an error prone manner. PMID: 25460917
33. HSP90 regulates DNA repair by interaction between XRCC1 and DNA polymerase beta. PMID: 25423885
34. The results suggest that POLB gene with T889C mutation in surgically resected primary gastric tissues may be clinically useful for predicting responsiveness to chemotherapy in patients with GC. PMID: 25561897
35. A novel method for monitoring functional lesion-specific recruitment of repair proteins in live cells. PMID: 25879709
36. The study provides new insights into the spontaneous replication error and the replication fidelity mechanisms of DNA polymerase beta. PMID: 25200079
37. structural analysis of the mechanism of polbeta-mediated cisplatin resistance PMID: 25237188
38. analysis of DNA polymerase beta activation PMID: 25261471
39. Upregulation of DNA polymerase beta is associated with chemoresistance in esophageal carcinoma. PMID: 24460306
40. that polbeta silencing increased the sensitivity of esophageal carcinoma cells to radiation therapy PMID: 25015190
41. POLB deficiency is associated with aggressive breast cancer and poor prognosis. PMID: 24462520
42. Pols beta from human cells to act on DNA containing an isolated 2-deoxyribonolactone, as well as when the lesion comprises the 5'-component of a tandem lesion. PMID: 23101935
43. S229L colon tumor-associated variant of DNA polymerase beta induces cellular transformation as a result of decreased polymerization efficiency PMID: 24668809
44. variant metal-ion routes in DNA polymerase beta's conformational pathways PMID: 24511902
45. This study reveals that DNA polymerase beta catalysis across N7-methylguanine is slow, yet highly accurate. PMID: 24966350
46. shown that germline and tumor-associated variants of DNA polymerase beta (Pol ss) catalyze aberrant base excision repair (BER) that leads to genomic instability and cellular transformation. PMID: 24348210
47. results identified nine types of mutations within polbeta cDNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with four mutations related to patient survival PMID: 23959474
48. We conclude that distinct mutations of the triple pol b mutant are responsible for the loss of activity, lower fidelity, and instability observed in vitro. PMID: 23877444
49. Comparison with published structures provides insight into the structural rearrangements within pol b that occur during the process of nucleotide discrimination. PMID: 24133209
50. Upregulation of transcriptional activity induced by mutations in the DNA polbeta promoter may be one of the molecular mechanisms mediating abnormal overexpression of DNA polbeta in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 23749489

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HGNC: 9174

OMIM: 174760

KEGG: hsa:5423

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000265421

UniGene: Hs.654484