Recombinant Human Lymphocyte antigen 96 (LY96) (R56G)

1. sTLR4/MD-2 complex inhibits colorectal cancer migration and invasiveness in vitro and in vivo by lncRNA H19 down-regulation. PMID: 29036538
2. MD-2 siRNA or plasmid further confirmed the efficacy of Iturin A by suppressing MD-2/TLR4 signaling pathway. The in silico docking study showed that the Iturin A interacted well with the MD-2 in MD-2/TLR4 receptor complex. Conclusively, inhibition of MD-2/TLR4 complex with Iturin A offered strategic advancement in cancer therapy. PMID: 28347875
3. data confirm that engineered human cells expressing TLR4, MD2 and CD14 can respond to CMP with NF-kappaB activation and the response can be influenced by variations in CMP-mannosylation PMID: 29281684
4. The observations suggest that MD-2 helps to regulate lipopolysaccharide-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the inflammatory response in NR8383 cells, and likely does so by affecting MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling. PMID: 28654770
5. MD2 plays an important role in induction of allergic sensitization to cat dander and common pollens relevant to human allergic diseases. PMID: 26586036
6. we report that exogenous CnB is taken up by cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner via clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated internalization. Our findings further confirm that uptake is mediated by the TLR4/MD2 complex together with the co-receptor CD14 PMID: 27090571
7. In this study, a novel naturally occurring spliceosome of human MD2, termed as MD2-T3, has been identified. PMID: 27317890
8. Results show that cigarette smoke may alter innate immune responses reducing the expression of the MD2, a molecule with an important role in TLR4 signaling. PMID: 26068048
9. Predominantly hydrophobic interactions between MD-2 and TLR4 contribute to the stabilization of the TLR4/MD-2/metal ion complex in a conformation that enables activation. PMID: 25803856
10. The intensity of the intra-amniotic inflammatory response to bacteria or perhaps to other TLR4 ligands may be facilitated through synthesis and release of sMD2 by the amniochorion. PMID: 25605324
11. Three genes (LY96, IL8 DPR) were significantly downregulated over time. This finding was confirmed in a validation cohort of stroke patients (n=8). PMID: 25124890
12. The study revealed the impact of specific residues and regions of MD-2 on the binding of lipolysaccharides and TLR4. PMID: 26320630
13. Gene polymorphisms of MD2 and GM2A were associated with the occurrence or severity of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID: 25816011
14. In patients undergoing CABG surgery, we found genetic polymorphisms in LY96 associated with decreased risk of postoperative AF. PMID: 26385043
15. Aminoarabinose residues in lipid A contribute to Burkholderia lipid A binding to the TLR4.Myeloid Differentiation Factor 2 complex. PMID: 26160169
16. TLR4 along with its accessory protein MD-2 builds a heterodimeric complex that specifically recognizes lipopolysaccharides, which are present on the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, activating the immune response. (Review) PMID: 25515751
17. genetic polymorphism is associated with asthma exacerbations in children PMID: 24902762
18. In monocytes of sepsis, MD-2 expression was found to be regulated by STAT1. PMID: 24858600
19. Substitution of hMD-2 residue V82 with an amino acid residue with a bulkier hydrophobic side chain enables activation of TLR4/MD-2. PMID: 25203747
20. This study suggests that genetic variants of LY96 may modulate the effect of smoking on carotid plaque burden. PMID: 24954085
21. overexpression of MD-2s led to marked reduction in markers of tissue injury and inflammation in models of lung inflammation PMID: 25576596
22. Purified monomeric ligand.MD-2 complexes reveal molecular and structural requirements for activation and antagonism of TLR4 by Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins. PMID: 24895101
23. Studies suggest that myeloid differentiation 2 (MD-2) as a therapeutic target for sepsis. PMID: 24896325
24. Mechanistically, engagement of MD-2 by PTX3-opsonized Aspergillus conidia activated the TLR4/Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-beta-dependent signaling pathway converging on IL-10. PMID: 25049357
25. Collectively, these data showed for the first time that, HIV-1 Tat interacts physically with high affinity with TLR4-MD2 to promote proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha) and the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 both. PMID: 24165011
26. Data suggest that zhankuic acid A (ZAA), which competes with LPS for binding to MD-2 as a TLR4/MD-2 antagonist, may be a potential therapeutic agent for gram-negative bacterial infections. PMID: 24532584
27. these findings indicate that MD-2 is involved in IFN-gamma signalling and IFN-gamma-augmented MMP-1 up-regulation by LPS. PMID: 23800176
28. Extracellular complex formation of TLR4 with secreted MD-2 was detectable using monoclonal antibodies. PMID: 24021278
29. both oral and enteric C. concisus strains upregulated expression of TLR4 and MD-2 in HT-29 cells. PMID: 23437263
30. Consistently, soluble TLR4 expressed without MD2 inhibited metal- but not LPS-induced responses, opening new therapeutic perspe PMID: 23059983
31. Respiratory syncytial virus F protein requires MD-2 for the induction of the TLR4-mediated inflammatory response. PMID: 22872782
32. In LOS.MD-2 complexes, one of the six fatty acyl chains of LOS is more susceptible to paramagnetic attenuation, suggesting protrusion of that fatty acyl chain from the hydrophobic pocket of MD-2, independent of association with TLR4. PMID: 22433852
33. Lipopolysaccharide cytokine response was efficiently and equally abolished by MD-2 and CD14 neutralization; the response induced by whole E. coli bacteria was only modestly reduced by MD-2 neutralization, whereas CD14 neutralization was more efficient. PMID: 21948372
34. have identified specific structural and dynamic features of the MD-2-endotoxin complexes that may control dimerization of TLR4 molecules. PMID: 21924775
35. The association between occupational endotoxin exposure and wheeze in agricultural workers was significantly modified by genetic variants in CD14 and MD2 PMID: 21389010
36. Data demonstrate that during bacterial infection, newborns amplify the TLR2-MyD88 pathway in G+ bacterial infection and the TLR4/MD2/MyD88 pathway in G- bacterial infection, implicating the innate immune pathway in response to bacterial infection. PMID: 20805788
37. higher expression levels in tissue from patients with colorectal cancer PMID: 20699280
38. Computational study of the interactions of the unmodified dendrimer, glucosamine, and of the partially glycosylated dendrimer with TLR4 and MD-2 using molecular docking and molecular dynamics techniques. PMID: 21738462
39. tyrosine phosphorylation of MD-2 is important for signaling following exposure to lipopolysaccharide PMID: 21918188
40. Cytokines can enhance TLR4 and MD-2 expressions and promote the reaction with LPS in intestinal epithelial cells. PMID: 20848773
41. Interferon-gamma-induced MD-2 protein expression and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responsiveness in corneal epithelial cells is mediated by Janus tyrosine kinase-2 activation and direct binding of STAT1 protein to the MD-2 promoter. PMID: 21572044
42. In this study, we produced variants of MD-1 and MD-2 in Pichia pastoris. PMID: 21130168
43. Innate immune recognition of meningococcal capsular polysaccharides by macrophages can occur via TLR2- and TLR4-MD-2 pathways. PMID: 21191086
44. Neisserial lipooligosaccharides from different meningococcal and gonococcal strains have different potencies to activate NF-kappaappaB through the Toll-like receptor 4-MD-2 pathway in monocytes. PMID: 21037101
45. Data conclude that these gene variants in the MD-2 gene promoter region are not associated with tuberculosis, and apparently do not play a role in susceptibility to tuberculosis in the Chinese population. PMID: 20730709
46. species-specific activation of lipid IV(A) PMID: 20592019
47. increased expression in intestinal epithelial cells in patients with inflammatory bowel disease PMID: 19710105
48. In this study, we have identified a novel alternatively spliced isoform of human MD-2, termed MD-2 short (MD-2s), which lacks the region encoded by exon 2 of the MD-2 gene. PMID: 20435923
49. Polymorphisms of the promoter region of MD-2 gene at position - 1625 C/G is correlated with MODS and sepsis after severe trauma in Chinese Han population. PMID: 19209789
50. sMD-2 and sCD14 inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. PMID: 20377740

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HGNC: 17156

OMIM: 605243

KEGG: hsa:23643

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000284818

UniGene: Hs.726603