Product Details

Purity

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Target Names

PTGDS

Uniprot No.

P41222

Research Area

Metabolism

Alternative Names

Beta trace protein; Beta-trace protein; Cerebrin 28; Cerebrin-28; glutathione independent PGD synthase; Glutathione independent PGD synthetase; Glutathione-independent PGD synthase; L PGDS; Lipocalin type prostaglandin D synthase; Lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase; LPGDS; PDS; PGD2; PGD2 synthase; PGDS; PGDS2; prostaglandin D synthase; prostaglandin D2 synthase (21 kDa; brain); prostaglandin D2 synthase (brain); prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain); Prostaglandin D2 synthase; prostaglandin H2 D isomerase; Prostaglandin-D2 synthase; Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase; PTGDS; PTGDS_HUMAN; RP23-47P18.11-006

Species

Homo sapiens (Human)

Source

E.coli

Expression Region

23-190aa

Target Protein Sequence

APEAQVSVQPNFQQDKFLGRWFSAGLASNSSWLREKKAALSMCKSVVAPATDGGLNLTSTFLRKNQCETRTMLLQPAGSLGSYSYRSPHWGSTYSVSVVETDYDQYALLYSQGSKGPGEDFRMATLYSRTQTPRAELKEKFTAFCKAQGFTEDTIVFLPQTDKCMTEQ
Note: The complete sequence may include tag sequence, target protein sequence, linker sequence and extra sequence that is translated with the protein sequence for the purpose(s) of secretion, stability, solubility, etc.
If the exact amino acid sequence of this recombinant protein is critical to your application, please explicitly request the full and complete sequence of this protein before ordering.

Mol. Weight

34.7kDa

Protein Length

Full Length of Mature Protein

Tag Info

N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO-tagged

Form

Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Note: We will preferentially ship the format that we have in stock, however, if you have any special requirement for the format, please remark your requirement when placing the order, we will prepare according to your demand.

Buffer

If the delivery form is liquid, the default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol.
Note: If you have any special requirement for the glycerol content, please remark when you place the order.
If the delivery form is lyophilized powder, the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose.

Reconstitution

We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.

Troubleshooting and FAQs

Protein FAQs

Storage Condition

Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shelf Life

The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.

Lead Time

3-7 business days

Notes

Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Datasheet & COA

Please contact us to get it.

Description

The expression region of this recombinant Human PTGDS covers amino acids 23-190. The calculated molecular weight for this PTGDS protein is 34.7 kDa. Expression of this PTGDS protein is conducted in e.coli. The PTGDS coding gene included the N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO tag, which simplifies the detection and purification processes of the recombinant PTGDS protein in following stages of expression and purification.

Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase (PTGDS) is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). PTGDS belongs to the lipocalin protein family and is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid. The main function of PTGDS is the isomerization of PGH2 to PGD2, which plays a role in various physiological processes, including inflammation and sleep regulation. PGD2 is associated with sleep-wake cycles, and PTGDS has been implicated in sleep-related functions. Additionally, PTGDS has been studied in the context of neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases, and as a potential biomarker for certain neurological conditions. Understanding the role of PTGDS in prostaglandin metabolism and its broader implications in neurological processes is essential for unraveling its potential therapeutic applications and furthering knowledge of neurobiology.

Target Background

Function

Catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Involved in a variety of CNS functions, such as sedation, NREM sleep and PGE2-induced allodynia, and may have an anti-apoptotic role in oligodendrocytes. Binds small non-substrate lipophilic molecules, including biliverdin, bilirubin, retinal, retinoic acid and thyroid hormone, and may act as a scavenger for harmful hydrophobic molecules and as a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. Possibly involved in development and maintenance of the blood-brain, blood-retina, blood-aqueous humor and blood-testis barrier. It is likely to play important roles in both maturation and maintenance of the central nervous system and male reproductive system. Involved in PLA2G3-dependent maturation of mast cells. PLA2G3 is secreted by immature mast cells and acts on nearby fibroblasts upstream to PTDGS to synthesize PGD2, which in turn promotes mast cell maturation and degranulation via PTGDR.

Gene References into Functions

High lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase expression is associated with Spontaneous intracranial hypotension. PMID: 29621631
Measurement of serum BTP can be a reliable tool for detecting kidney function in neonates. PMID: 29421771
Thus, our results suggest decreased NK cell-mediated eosinophil regulation, possibly through an increased level of PGD2, as a previously unrecognized link between PG dysregulation and eosinophilic inflammation in CRS. PMID: 27271931
These observations suggest that tumor cell-derived inflammatory cytokines increase L-PGDS expression and subsequent PGD2 production in the tumor endothelial cells (ECs). This PGD2 acts as a negative regulator of the tumorigenic changes in tumor ECs. PMID: 29124765
The cut off value for betaTP in the diagnosis and follow-up of cerebrospinal fluid leaks should be modified depending on the type of secretion (sample type), for a better diagnostic accuracy PMID: 27614217
Serum levels of beta trace protein and beta 2 microglobulin can be used to predict residual kidney function in hemodialysis patients. PMID: 26924065
BTP and B2M levels are less affected than serum by amputation, and should be considered for future study of GFR estimation PMID: 26800100
Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase defines a proeosinophilic pathogenic effector human T(H)2 cell subpopulation with enhanced function PMID: 26431580
levels of L-PGDS in cervicovaginal secretions of pregnant women at different stages of parturition correlate with preterm birth. PMID: 25964109
Given that uPGDS levels fall after treatment of LN, uPGDS may be used to monitor the efficacy of therapy. It can also differentiate patients with active nephritis and active non renal lupus. PMID: 26211517
PTGDS mRNA expression was down-regulated in rapid-cycling bipolar disorder patients in a euthymic, depressive, and manic/hypomanic state compared with healthy control subjects. PMID: 25522430
Expression of MR and prostaglandin D2 synthase is strongly correlated in adipose tissues from obese patients. PMID: 25966493
involved in pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia [review] PMID: 24521203
These data indicate that scalp is spatially programmed via mast cell prostaglandin D-synthase distribution in a manner reminiscent of the pattern seen in androgenetic alopecia. PMID: 24438498
These results suggest that L-PGDS acted as a scavenger of biliverdin, which is a molecule not found in normal CSF. PMID: 25005874
Among NSTE-ACS patients, BTP and CysC were superior to conventional renal parameters for predicting MB, and improved clinical stratification for hemorrhagic risk. PMID: 23698027
Structural and dynamic insights into substrate binding and catalysis of human lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase. PMID: 23526831
betaTP, beta2M, CysC, and creatinine differ in their associations with demographic and clinical factors, suggesting variation in their non-glomerular filtration rate determinants. PMID: 23335043
All-cause and cardiovascular mortality are strongly associated with beta-trace protein marker levels and beta-microglobulin in a representative sample of US adults. PMID: 23518194
The results we obtained from mice led to our investigation of PTGDS in 29 human cryptorchid patients but we failed to find any mutation that supported an involvement of this gene in human testicular descent. PMID: 23076868
no overall evidence of an association between wireless phone use and serum concentrations of beta-trace protein PMID: 22989106
Elevated plasma level of beta-trace protein associated with all cause of death in patients with acute coronary syndrome. PMID: 22818840
The serum level of beta-trace protein is an independent predictor of death and cardiovascular disease mortality in incident hemodialysis patients. PMID: 22745274
Low PTGDS expression is associated with testis cancer. PMID: 22960220
L-PGDS expression may contribute to the restricted proliferation of epidermal melanocytes, but conversely its overexpression may reflect the dysregulated proliferation of melanoma cells. PMID: 22299829
The gene coding for PTGDS was found to be more expressed in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)relative to patients with bipolar disorder indicating a possible link with the differential etiology of ADHD. PMID: 22370065
Data suggest that L-PGDS binds small lipophilic ligands with both high-affinity and low-affinity interactions; molecular models are proposed from studies that include binding of hemin, biliverdin, and bilirubin. PMID: 22677050
Ascites and pleural effusion contain high concentrations of beta-TP that exceed the levels in corresponding plasma PMID: 21501068
Urinary PGDS, not ZA2G, may serve as a biomarker for active LN and upon validation in larger studies, may become the non-invasive test to evaluate the disease activity in future management of LN. PMID: 22498882
NM 000954 NM 000954 PMID: 22342541
these results demonstrate that L-PGDS protected against neuronal cell death by scavenging reactive oxygen species without losing its ligand-binding function PMID: 22248185
Beta-trace protein can be used as an alternative diagnostic tool to detect moderate or severe glomerular filtrate rate reduction in patients after liver transplantation. PMID: 21745310
two genes involved in cardiovascular diseases, ADORA1 and PTGDS, were differentially up-regulated in epicardial adipose tissue compared to mediastinal and subcutaneous adipose tissue PMID: 21603615
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase is associated with coronary vasospasm and vasomotor reactivity in response to acetylcholine PMID: 21325722
Proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid identifies prostaglandin D2 synthase as a putative biomarker for pediatric medulloblastoma. PMID: 21271676
RBP-4, lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS do not regulate insulin sensitivity in healthy men. Rather their expression seemed to reflect inflammatory activity and were inversely correlated with alcohol intake and serum HDL levels. PMID: 21104585
Report the presence of L-PGDS in the COX-2-expressing cells in the mucosa of active ulcerative colitis patients in parallel with disease activity. PMID: 21163901
It may be feasible to test for perilymphatic fluid fistula using PTGDS in samples from the tympanic cavity. PMID: 21192373
Met64 seems to function as a kinetic clamp, pushing the thiol group of Cys65 close to the site of nucleophilic attack during catalysis. PMID: 20667974
Using RT-PCR we demonstrated that L-PGDS gene expression decreased proportionately with tumor progression in lung cancer. PMID: 20144489
L-PGDS may fine-tune the retinoic acid signalling in melanocytes. PMID: 20403807
This study included 62 persons aged 18-30 years and cell phone exposure. EMF emissions may down-regulate the synthesis of beta-trace protein. PMID: 20596612
protein levels in nasal fluids can serve for diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid leak PMID: 19958607
This beta-trace protein based formula was found to estimate GFR with reasonable precision PMID: 19949816
The expression of H-PGDS in human dendritic cells (DCs) and the regulatory mechanisms by which DCs produce prostaglandin D2, is demonstrated. PMID: 20008150
As the CSF is in contact with axons and mitochondria of the optic nerve, we postulate that a change in the concentration of CSF protein such as L-PGDS could exercise a harmful effect on these structures. PMID: 19598000
Pronounced eosinophilia and Th2 cytokine release in human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase transgenic mice PMID: 11751991
Study performed in patients with kidney function ranging from normal to advanced renal failure suggests that serum beta-trace protein is an indicator of impaired glomerular filtration rate. PMID: 12900000
The circadian lipocalin-type PGDS pattern and its suppression by total sleep deprivation indicate an interaction of the prostaglandin D system and human sleep regulation. PMID: 15453544
Shear stress induces l-PGDS expression by transcriptional activation through the AP-1 binding site. PMID: 15718494

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Subcellular Location

Rough endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleus membrane. Golgi apparatus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Secreted. Note=Detected on rough endoplasmic reticulum of arachnoid and menigioma cells. Localized to the nuclear envelope, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles and spherical cytoplasmic structures in arachnoid trabecular cells, and to circular cytoplasmic structures in meningeal macrophages and perivascular microglial cells. In oligodendrocytes, localized to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. In retinal pigment epithelial cells, localized to distinct cytoplasmic domains including the perinuclear region. Also secreted.

Protein Families

Calycin superfamily, Lipocalin family

Tissue Specificity

Abundant in the brain and CNS, where it is expressed in tissues of the blood-brain barrier and secreted into the cerebro-spinal fluid. Abundantly expressed in the heart. In the male reproductive system, it is expressed in the testis, epididymis and prosta

Database Links

HGNC: 9592

OMIM: 176803

KEGG: hsa:5730

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000360687

UniGene: Hs.446429

Code	CSB-EP018969HU
Abbreviation	Recombinant Human PTGDS protein
MSDS	MSDS Datasheet
Size	$224
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Image	(Tris-Glycine gel) Discontinuous SDS-PAGE (reduced) with 5% enrichment gel and 15% separation gel.
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Recombinant Human Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase (PTGDS)

Product Details

Citations

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Target Background

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