Product Details

Purity

>85% (SDS-PAGE)

Target Names

Ffar2

Uniprot No.

Q8VCK6

Alternative Names

Ffar2; Gpr43; Lssig; Free fatty acid receptor 2; G-protein coupled receptor 43; Leukocyte-specific STAT-induced GPCR

Species

Mus musculus (Mouse)

Protein Length

Partial

Tag Info

Tag type will be determined during the manufacturing process.

The tag type will be determined during production process. If you have specified tag type, please tell us and we will develop the specified tag preferentially.

Form

Lyophilized powder
Note: We will preferentially ship the format that we have in stock, however, if you have any special requirement for the format, please remark your requirement when placing the order, we will prepare according to your demand.

Buffer before Lyophilization

Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0

Reconstitution

We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20℃/-80℃. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.

Troubleshooting and FAQs

Protein FAQs

Storage Condition

Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Shelf Life

The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.

Lead Time

Delivery time may differ from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.

Notes

Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Datasheet

Please contact us to get it.

Target Background

Function

G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by a major product of dietary fiber digestion, the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and that plays a role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and in intestinal immunity. In omnivorous mammals, the short chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate are produced primarily by the gut microbiome that metabolizes dietary fibers. SCFAs serve as a source of energy but also act as signaling molecules. That G protein-coupled receptor is probably coupled to the pertussis toxin-sensitive, G(i/o)-alpha family of G proteins but also to the Gq family. Its activation results in the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, the mobilization of intracellular calcium, the phosphorylation of the MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2 kinases and the inhibition of intracellular cAMP accumulation. May play a role in glucose homeostasis by regulating the secretion of GLP-1, in response to short-chain fatty acids accumulating in the intestine. May also regulate the production of LEP/Leptin, a hormone acting on the central nervous system to inhibit food intake. Finally, may also regulate whole-body energy homeostasis through adipogenesis regulating both differentiation and lipid storage of adipocytes. In parallel to its role in energy homeostasis, may also mediate the activation of the inflammatory and immune responses by SCFA in the intestine, regulating the rapid production of chemokines and cytokines. May also play a role in the resolution of the inflammatory response and control chemotaxis in neutrophils. In addition to SCFAs, may also be activated by the extracellular lectin FCN1 in a process leading to activation of monocytes and inducing the secretion of interleukin-8/IL-8 in response to the presence of microbes.

Gene References into Functions

this study shows that GPR43 mediates microbiota metabolite SCFA regulation of antimicrobial peptide expression in intestinal epithelial cells via activation of mTOR and STAT3 PMID: 29411774
this study shows that free fatty acid receptor 2 promotes beta-cell proliferation PMID: 27324831
this paper show that microbiota metabolite short-chain fatty acid acetate promotes intestinal IgA response to microbiota which is mediated by GPR43 PMID: 27966553
Loss of Ffar2 expression is associated with leukemia. PMID: 28873082
the role of GPR43 in adipose tissue macrophages, was examined. PMID: 28692672
loss of FFAR2 is associated with colon tumorigenesis. PMID: 27866157
Gestational glucose tolerance in WT mice, but not Ffar2-/- mice improved while on antibiotics. Gestational glucose tolerance worsened in Ffar2-/- mice during a second pregnancy. Maternal Ffar2 expression had no effect on the growth rates and glucose and glucose tolerance in the offspring. PMID: 27959892
FFA2 processes mediated by Gi signaling, whereas, in concert with blockade by the Gq/G11 inhibitor FR900359, the inability of AZ1729 to mimic or regulate propionate-mediated release of GLP-1 from mouse colonic preparations defined this physiological response as an end point transduced via activation of Gq/G11. PMID: 27385588
A Western diet could aggravate the inflammatory colitis process; the activation of the GPR43 receptor pathway could be used as a new strategy to treat Crohn's Disease patients. PMID: 26742586
FFAR2 signaling occurs by divergent G protein pathways. PMID: 26075576
Data (including data from studies in knockout mice) suggest Ffar2 expression in pancreatic beta-cells plays role in gestational glucose homeostasis; this mechanism involves gut microbiome (which contributes to plasma short-chain fatty acid levels). PMID: 26394664
High fat diet fed GPR43 KO mice develop glucose intolerance due to a defect in insulin secretion, reduced beta-cell mass and expression of differentiation genes. GPR3 agonism potentiates insulin secretion. PMID: 26023106
GPR-43-deficient mice show a greatly decreased inflammatory reaction to knee injection of monosodium urate crystals in a mouse model of gout. PMID: 25914377
FFAR2 is expressed in pancreatic beta cells and mediates an inhibition of insulin secretion by coupling to Gi-type G proteins. PMID: 25581519
These findings establish GPR43 as a sensor for excessive dietary energy, thereby controlling body energy utilization while maintaining metabolic homoeostasis. PMID: 23652017
Data from transgenic mice suggest that Ffar2/Gpr43 and Ffar3/Gpr41 both act as sensors for short-chain fatty acids in enteroendocrine cells; Ffar2/Gpr43 appears to play this role alone in enteric leukocytes and Ffar3/Gpr41 alone in enteric neurons. PMID: 23885020
Short-chain fatty acids activate GPR43 and on intestinal epithelial cells, leading to mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and rapid production of chemokines and cytokines. These pathways mediate protective immunity and tissue inflammation in mice. PMID: 23665276
Data suggest that alpha-gustducin in colonic mucosa is a key signaling molecule coupling free fatty acid receptors (Gpr43, Gpr119, Gpr120) and possibly bile acid receptor (TGR5) to secretion of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1). PMID: 23341498
Extracellular ionic locks determine variation in constitutive activity and ligand potency between species orthologs of the free fatty acid receptors FFA2 and FFA3 PMID: 23066016
Inulin-type fructans, paradoxically counteract GPR43 overexpression induced in the adipose tissue by an high fat diet. PMID: 21115338
results identify GPR43 as a bona fide chemotactic receptor for neutrophils in vitro and start to define important elements in its signal transduction pathways PMID: 21698257
investigation of roles of Ffar2 in energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism using Ffar2-knockout mice: prevention of high-fat diet induced obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and fatty liver PMID: 20959533
induced by the activation of STAT3; might play pivotal role in differentiation and immune response of monocytes and granulocytes PMID: 12393494
Acetate and propionate short chain fatty acids may have important physiological roles in adipogenesis through GPCR43, but not through GPCR41. PMID: 16123168
A potential role for GPR43 in regulating plasma lipid profiles and perhaps aspects of metabolic syndrome. PMID: 18499755
GPR43 binding of short-chain fatty acids potentially provides a molecular link between diet, gastrointestinal bacterial metabolism, and immune and inflammatory responses PMID: 19865172
These results indicate a critical role for GPR43-mediated recruitment of PMNs in containing intestinal bacterial translocation PMID: 19917676

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Subcellular Location

Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.

Protein Families

G-protein coupled receptor 1 family

Tissue Specificity

Highly expressed in hematopoietic tissues, such as spleen and bone marrow, with highest levels in a subset of immune cells, including monocytes or neutrophils. Expressed in adipose tissues with high expression in differentiating adipocytes. Expressed by i

Database Links

KEGG: mmu:233079

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000052600

UniGene: Mm.97338

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Recombinant Mouse Free fatty acid receptor 2 (Ffar2), partial

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