Recombinant Mouse Ryanodine receptor 2 (Ryr2), partial

1. increased size of RyR2 protein clusters in vascular smooth muscle cells from mdx mice increases Ca(2+) spark and BK channel activity, resulting in cerebral microvascular dysfunction. PMID: 30181262
2. CaM dissociation may contribute to the pathogenesis of arrhythmias with the CPVT-linked R176Q mutation. PMID: 29248564
3. Reduced cardiac RyR2 expression protects against stress-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmia, but increases the susceptibility to cardiac alternans. PMID: 29170159
4. In this study, the large K(+) conductance of the RyR2 channel permits direct observation of blocking events as distinct subconductance states and for the first time demonstrates the differential effects of blocker molecules on channel gating. PMID: 27703263
5. In FHC-linked TnT-mutated hearts, RyR2 is susceptible to CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation, presumably because of a mutation-linked increase in diastolic [Ca(2+)]i, causing aberrant Ca(2+) release leading to lethal arrhythmia. PMID: 29402414
6. Genetically altered mice with congenitally leaky RyR2 exhibited premature and severe defects in synaptic plasticity, behavior and cognitive function. PMID: 28631094
7. A 3-fold increase in the junctophilin-2 to RyR2 ratio is compatible with direct inhibition of RyR2 opening by junctophilin-2 to intrinsically stabilize the Ca2+ signaling properties of the junction and thus the contractile function of the cell. PMID: 27909078
8. the coexistence of leaky RYR2 mutations with other genes that enhance epilepsy or cardiac arrhythmia establish RYR2 as a strong additional genetic candidate for sudden death risk. PMID: 27482086
9. the RyR2 G357S mutation increases the store overload induced Ca2+ release (SOICR) activity by reducing the thresholds for SOICR activation and termination and increasing the fractional Ca2+ release. PMID: 28961276
10. Arrhythmic effects of Epac-mediated ryanodine receptor activation in Langendorff-perfused murine hearts PMID: 28316073
11. K4750Q mutation causes three RyR2 defects: hypersensitization to activation by cytosolic Ca2+, loss of cytosolic Ca2+/Mg2+-mediated inactivation, and hypersensitization to luminal Ca2+ activation. PMID: 28082361
12. The heart contraction is controlled by the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release between L-type Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors. RyRs became more sensitive to Ca2+ triggers without FKBP12.6, leading to ventricular arrthymias. PMID: 28077437
13. Allele-specific silencing of RYR2 prevents life-threatening arrhythmias in genetic carriers. PMID: 28620067
14. Redox modification of RyR2 synergistically with CaMKII phosphorylation modulates reperfusion arrhythmias. PMID: 27422983
15. These results demonstrate that Ryr2 controls mitochondrial Ca(2+) dynamics and plays a specific, critical role in promoting glucose oxidation in cardiomyocytes. These findings indicate that partial RYR2 loss is sufficient to cause metabolic abnormalities seen in heart disease. PMID: 27621312
16. data suggest that interactions between the cytoplasmic region of S6 and the U motif of RyR2 are important for stabilizing the closed state of the channel. Mutations in the S6/U motif domain interface likely destabilize the closed state of RyR2 PMID: 27789712
17. these results suggest that neuronal RyR2 Ca(2+) leak due to Calstabin2 deletion contributes to learning deficiency and memory impairment. PMID: 26888649
18. Nav1.5 is downregulated and INa is reduced in RyR2-P2328S ventricles. PMID: 26545784
19. The minimal KEKE motif of TRN involved in the interactions with CSQ2, HRC and RyR2 within the Ca2+ release units of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum has been defined. PMID: 26674963
20. Inhibition of RyR2 phosphorylation can suppress sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) leak in mdx mouse hearts in part by reducing RyR2 oxidation. PMID: 26555638
21. Interacting network of the gap junction protein connexin43, which includes Ryr2 and Cox1, is modulated by ischemia and reperfusion in the heart. PMID: 26316108
22. While CASQ2 stabilizes RyR2 rendering it refractory in the diastolic phase, HRC enhances RyR2 activity facilitating RyR2 recovery from refractoriness. PMID: 26410369
23. These results provide no evidence that the H29D mutation enhances the cytosolic Ca2+ activation of RyR2. PMID: 26405799
24. CaMK2d-dependent phosphorylation of RyR2-S2814 is significant in cardiomyopathy, independent of hypertrophy, induced by prolonged beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation. PMID: 26080362
25. RyR2 activity determines the potency of open-state blockers flecainide and R-propafenone for suppressing arrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves in cardiomyocytes. PMID: 26121139
26. Flecainide (1 mum) rescues the RyR2-P2328S atrial arrhythmogenic phenotype by restoring compromised INa and lambda, changes recently attributed to increased sarcoplasmic reticular Ca(2+) release. PMID: 25850710
27. The data suggest that the uneven distribution of dyads or calcium release sites within the cells resulting from an overall reduction in RyR2 content may contribute to the poor cardiac performance and early death of Ryr2 (ADA/ADA) mice PMID: 25694159
28. Data indicate that leaky ryanodine receptor 2 cardiac calcium release channel RyR2 cause mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and dysfunction in heart failure (HF). PMID: 26217001
29. Simultaneous detection of GFP-RyR2 clusters and Ca(2+) sparks showed that Ca(2+) sparks originated exclusively from RyR2 clusters. Ca(2+) sparks from RyR2 clusters induced no detectable changes in mitochondrial Ca(2+) level PMID: 26109063
30. Suggest that RyRs-2 in the nucleus accumbens participate in the development and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference. PMID: 25367193
31. Data indicate that palmitoyl-carnitine (PC) increases the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) oxidation and reduces the ATP/ADP translocase (ANT) activity. PMID: 25619687
32. analysis of arrhythmia mechanisms in a RyR2-linked CPVT mutation (RyR2-A4860G) that depresses channel activity PMID: 25775566
33. Mice with R420W mutation of RyR2 exhibit hypertrophy of lymphoid organs. Sudden unexplained death cases with the mutation may display such findings at autopsy. PMID: 25087098
34. Data suggest that Cys3602 in RyR2 (ryanodine receptor 2) plays important role in activation/termination of Ca2+ release, but it is not essential for calmodulin regulation of RyR2. PMID: 25605235
35. PP1 regulates RyR2 locally by counteracting CaMKII phosphorylation of RyR2. Decreased local PP1 regulation of RyR2 contributes to RyR2 hyperactivity and promotes atrial fibrillation susceptibility. PMID: 24812280
36. CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of cardiac ryanodine receptors regulates cell death in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. PMID: 24949568
37. RYR2 R420W mutation causes arrhythmogenesis with abnormal calcium dynamics in cardiomyocytes. PMID: 25193700
38. Suggest that miR-106b-25 cluster-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of RyR2 is a potential molecular mechanism involved in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation pathogenesis. PMID: 25389315
39. In aged atrial myocytes, RyR2 oxidation and phosphorylation were increased. PMID: 24576293
40. RyR2-mediated Ca2+ release is responsible for the activation and modulation of SK channels in cardiac myocytes PMID: 24747296
41. Ryr2 overrides defects in calsequestrin (Casq)2 calcium sensing in ventricular tachyarrhythmia and cardiac hypertrophy. PMID: 24758151
42. Upon RyR2 channel activation by caffeine, domains A and B move close to each other, domains B and C move apart. PMID: 24139989
43. The combination of subclinical congenital alteration of SR Ca(2+) release and pressure overload promoted eccentric remodeling and HF death in RyR2(R4496C+/-) mice, and pharmacological RyR2 stabilization prevented this deleterious interaction. PMID: 24315909
44. RyR2-mediated SR Ca(2+) leak directly underlies the development of a substrate for atrial fibrillation in CREM mice, the first demonstration of a molecular mechanism underlying AF progression and AF substrate development in an experimental model. PMID: 24398018
45. Nav1.5 expression was reduced in both RyR2(S/S) and Scn5a(+/-) atria PMID: 23723061
46. The RyR2 gate directly senses luminal (store) Ca2+, explaining the regulation of RyR2 by luminal Ca2+, the initiation of Ca2+ waves and Ca2+-triggered arrhythmias. PMID: 24441828
47. Crystal structure of the mouse RYR2 protein mutations causing catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. PMID: 23871484
48. RyR2 plays a critical role in the development of ethanol physical dependence. PMID: 23278119
49. The G230C point mutation in RyR2 enhances store overload-induced Ca2+ release and destabilizes the amino-terminal domains. PMID: 23746327
50. the chronic gain-of-function defect in RyR2 due to CaMKII hyperphosphorylation is a novel mechanism that contributes to pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes PMID: 23516528

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KEGG: mmu:20191

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000021750

UniGene: Mm.239871