Recombinant Rat Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (Grm2), partial

1. Whereas both glutamate metabotropic receptor 2 and glutamate metabotropic receptor 4 couple to G proteins, G protein activation is mediated by mGlu4 heptahelical domain (HD) exclusively in glutamate metabotropic receptor 2-4 heterodimers. PMID: 28829739
2. Although assumed to form exclusive homodimers, 16 possible heterodimeric mGluRs have been proposed but their existence in native cells remains elusive. Study identified mGlu2-4 specific pharmacological fingerprints that were also observed in a neuronal cell line and in lateral perforant path terminals naturally expressing mGlu2 and mGlu4. Results show the existence of mGlu2-4 heterodimers in native cells. PMID: 28661401
3. Findings suggest a time dependent evolving pattern of mGluR2/3 density during the pathogenesis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and provide insights for utilizing this data for in vivo imaging to predict the specific time points and responsiveness to the therapy targeting mGluR2/3. PMID: 27565411
4. Grm2 mutant animals display characteristics of altered emotionality, impulsivity and risk-related behaviors and increased voluntary alcohol intake. PMID: 26987983
5. These data reveal histone modification modulates mGluR2/3 expression in the spinal cord to attenuate stressinduced visceral hypersensitivity. PMID: 27385724
6. Study aimed at further characterizing the effects of prenatal immune activation on 5-HT2A and mGlu2/3 receptor function in male and female rat offspring PMID: 26051401
7. This study demonstrated that the Male prenatal chronic mild stress rats expressed significantly higher mGluR2/3 in the prefrontal cortex but lower in female amygalda. PMID: 26071959
8. Report mGlu(2) receptor-mediated inhibition of conditioned avoidance behavior in rats. PMID: 24486391
9. Activation of mGluR2 receptors in prefrontal cortex reversed sensory motor gating deficits. PMID: 24067361
10. these data point to mGluR2 as an origin of alcohol preference and a potential therapeutic target. PMID: 24082084
11. Selective group II metabotropic glutamate type 2 receptor allosteric potentiators show an anti-panic efficacy similar to alprazolam. PMID: 22914798
12. activation of either the mGlu3 or mGlu2 receptor subtype alone can be sufficient to induce an LTD of synaptic transmission in the cortical input to the lateral amygdala. PMID: 22531751
13. In brain slices, using optic switches, it was determined that mGluR2 modulated the threshold for escape behavior. PMID: 23455609
14. Alcohol-dependent rats show escalation of ethanol seeking, which was abolished by restoring mGluR(2) expression in the infralimbic cortex via viral-mediated gene transfer PMID: 23407939
15. Data show that glutamatergic transmission at CA1-subiculum (SUB) synapses is depressed by group II mGluRs in a cell-type specific manner. PMID: 22984605
16. The cAMP-PKA pathway may play an important role in the group II mGluRs-mediated regulation of respiratory rhythmical discharge activity in the brainstem slice of neonatal rats. PMID: 21681341
17. In SCG neurons, mGluR2/4 dimers were not inhibited by the mGluR2-selective NAM (Z)-1-[2-cycloheptyloxy-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)ethenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole (Ro 64-5229), supporting the two-site model. PMID: 22653971
18. These results suggest that the mGluR1-evoked activation of TRPC channels is required for the induction of cerebellar LTD. PMID: 22973014
19. analysis of extinction-dependent alterations in corticostriatal mGluR2/3 and mGluR7 receptors following chronic methamphetamine self-administration in rats PMID: 22479593
20. Presynaptic stimulation at 5 Hz for 10 min induces depression of glutamatergic transmission via activation of presynaptic mGluR II suggesting an endogenous role for mGluR II in modulating glutamatergic transmission. PMID: 21677028
21. We identified eight residues in the allosteric binding pocket that are crucial for non-competitive antagonism of agonist-dependent activation of mGlu2. PMID: 21470207
22. These data demonstrate that intersubunit movement at the level of the cysteine-rich domain represents a key step in metabotropic glutamate receptor activation. PMID: 21896740
23. Data show that microinjection of the mglu2/3 antagonist LY341495 at sites throughout the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens suppressed appetitive motivation to eat and drink. PMID: 21198990
24. Data from an in vitro hemisected neonatal spinal cord preparation suggest that mGlu2 receptor (in contrast to most G protein-coupled receptors) is resistant to agonist-induced homologous desensitization [using (2R,4R)-APDC]. PMID: 20826132
25. Activation of group II mGluRs reduces neuropathic pain probably by attenuating glutamatergic and glycinergic input to spinal dorsal horn neurons. PMID: 20923868
26. Activation of Group II mGlu receptors enhances phencyclidine-induced dopamine release. (group 2 mGluRs) PMID: 12505620
27. low voltage current in retinal ganglion cells can be enhanced by activation of mGluR2, by a mechanism that is G-protein dependent and may involve a protein tyrosine kinase step. PMID: 12837619
28. Activation of mGluR2/3 receptors may potentiate NMDAR channel functions in prefrontal cortex through PKC-dependent mechanism. May be relevant for developing novel mGluR-related pharmacological agents for treatment of mental illnesses. PMID: 14645456
29. Glutamate induces apoptosis of lactotropes and somatotropes through group II mGluR activation, probably by decreasing cAMP synthesis. PMID: 15208212
30. Study reveals cellular sites of synthesis and protein distribution of group II mGlu receptors in discrete regions of rat brain. PMID: 15861463
31. region- and subtype-specific, including splice variant specific changes in the expression of mGlu receptors in the brain with increasing age PMID: 15862522
32. The activation of cystine/glutamate exchange by N-acetylcysteine prevents drug seeking by increasing glutamatergic tone on presynaptic group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) and thereby inhibits excitatory transmission. PMID: 16000629
33. These data suggest that mGluRs of groups II and III can inhibit nociceptive processing in amygdala (CeLC) neurons. PMID: 16760343
34. we explore whether mGluR2 expression is affected in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy PMID: 16793029
35. Pharmacological activation of group II mGluRs such as mGluR3 modifies both stress- and cue-induced ethanol-seeking. PMID: 17005860
36. These results indicate that mGluR2 and mGluR3 are coupled to Galphai subunits and play roles in glutamate-mediated signaling in taste transductions. PMID: 17216195
37. results describe the effect of 3-mercaptopropionic acid induced repetitive seizures on mGLUR2/3 and mGLUR4a in the cerebellum PMID: 17401670
38. Our results demonstrate a complex role for mGluR2/3 receptors in modulating anxiety circuitry, including direct inhibition and reduction of excitatory drive. PMID: 17948876
39. These data indicate a long-lasting impairment of mGlu2/3 expression that may contribute to abnormal presynaptic plasticity, exaggerate glutamate release and hyperexcitability in temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID: 18804094
40. data indicate group II metabotropic glutamate receptors & TRPV1 receptors are co-expressed on peripheral nociceptors & activation of mGluRs can inhibit painful sensory transmission following TRPV1 activation PMID: 19026992
41. data suggest that spinal mGluR2/3 contributes to the generation of mechanical allodynia induced by peripheral inflammation PMID: 19429193
42. data suggest a novel mechanism for postsynaptic group II mGluRs to fine-tune baroreceptor signal transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarius PMID: 19776267

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KEGG: rno:24415

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000017607

UniGene: Rn.9681