Recombinant Rat Ryanodine receptor 2 (Ryr2), partial

1. Study shows that contextual fear memory formation and destabilization induce hippocampal ryanodine receptor (RyR2) calcium channel upregulation. The study proposes that both fear consolidation and extinction memories induce RyR2 protein upregulation in order to generate the intracellular Ca(2+) signals required for these distinct memory processes. PMID: 30123252
2. RyR-2 regulated TGFbeta1 expression in mechanically stretched cardiomyocytes, and TGFbeta1 promoted collagen formation of cardiac fibroblasts by a paracrine mechanism. PMID: 29162778
3. redox modification of RyR2 synergistically with CaMKII phosphorylation modulates reperfusion arrhythmias. PMID: 27422983
4. RyR2-gated Ca(2+) store contributes to SOCE in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells; however, store-depletion alone is insufficient but requires a specific RyR conformation modifiable by ryanodine binding to activate Ca(2+) entry. PMID: 27013634
5. Hydrogen peroxide reduces calmodulin binding to RYR2 in rat cardiomyocytes. PMID: 26092277
6. Data suggest that ryanodine receptor RyR2-mediated Ca2+ release, induced by the concomitant increases in [Ca2+] and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by stimulatory glucose, is an essential step in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). PMID: 26046640
7. RyR2-mediated Ca(2+) release contributes to the development of bi-phasic vascular reactivity induced by hemorrhagic shock or hypoxia. PMID: 25263335
8. An enhancement of antioxidant defence in diabetics via directly targeting heart seems to prevent diastolic dysfunction due to modulation of RyR2 macromolecular-complex thereby leading to normalized [Ca(2+)]i and [Zn(2+)]i in cardiomyocytes. PMID: 24693334
9. Dual-tilt electron tomography showed cardiomyocyte and ventricular RYR2 tetramer packing within a dyad was nonuniform containing a mix of checkerboard and side-by-side arrangements, as well as isolated tetramers. PMID: 24786399
10. Alcohol directly targets RyR2 and its lipid microenvironment, leading to stabilization of RyR2 closed states. PMID: 24631538
11. RyR2 is the major binding site for CaM along the Z-line in cardiomyocytes, and dissociating CaM from RyR2 can cause severe ventricular arrhythmia. In heart failure, RyR2 shows decreased CaM affinity, but unaltered FKBP 12.6 affinity. PMID: 24186966
12. RyR2 receptors are undetectable at both mRNA and protein levels in the diaphragms of control rats and groups of rats with experimental sepsis. PMID: 23943510
13. the present findings provide the first evidence demonstrating that polydatin prevents enhanced Ca(2+) spark-mediated SR leak by reducing oxidative stress in RyR2 in burn-traumatized heart, leading to protection of cardiac function against burn injury. PMID: 23499836
14. lipid-derived malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal adducts are not formed on RyR2 in either control or diabetic rat hearts PMID: 23354458
15. The ryanodine receptor 2 cardiac, while present in vena cava, are uncoupled from contraction and incapable of causing a sustained increase in intracellular Ca2+. PMID: 23177664
16. Calcium spike variability in cardiac myocytes results from activation of small cohorts of ryanodine receptor 2 channels PMID: 22890710
17. Report FKBP12.6, CaM, and DPc10 sites all on the same face of the RyR2 tetramer in cardiomyocytes. PMID: 23233753
18. we provide evidence that RyR2 gene and protein expression in astrocyte and axons is markedly increased after hypoxic injury. PMID: 21612318
19. The CG digitoxin (DGT) increased the incidence of arrhythmogenic spontaneous Ca(2+) waves, decreased the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) load, and increased both ROS and RyR2 thiol oxidation. PMID: 21807619
20. Differential expression of ryanodine receptor in the developing rat cochlea. PMID: 22073362
21. Both the location and orientation of CaM binding on the RyR2 are very similar to the skeletal muscle RyR1 isoform. PMID: 22067155
22. RyR2 gain-of-function phenotype occurs independently of its phosphorylation status during type 1 diabetes and provides new insights for the enhanced spontaneous Ca(2+) release in myocytes from T1D rats. PMID: 21421556
23. These results indicate that the aberrant formation of the activation link between CaMBD [(calmodulin)-binding domain] and CaMLD (CaM-like domain) of RyR is a key step in the development of hypertrophy in cultured cardiomyocytes. PMID: 21649588
24. enhancement of pathologic protease activation by ethanol is dependent on the RYR and that a novel mechanism for this enhancement may involve RYR-mediated acceleration of Ca(2+) waves PMID: 21372126
25. RyR-generated calcium signals are key features of the complex neuronal plasticity processes induced by BDNF, which include increased expression of RyR2, RyR3, and PKMzeta and the spine remodeling required for spatial memory formation. PMID: 21282625
26. A couplon contains 74 RyR tetramers and 10 copies of the alpha-subunit of Cav1.2. PMID: 21156134
27. Functional ryanodine receptors were identified and characterized in rat cerebral artery myocytes with the ryanodine receptor 2 being the predominant subtype. PMID: 20445169
28. a new type of RyR, the islet-type RyR, generated from the RyR2 gene, but lacking two exons (exons 4 and 75) by alternative splicing was found. PMID: 20471962
29. Results suggest that the major targets influenced by coupled gating are likely the gates of individual RyR2 channels recruited into a functional complex, thus ensuring the correlation of Ca(2+) fluxes. PMID: 20336285
30. Myocardial ischemia may induce down-regulation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum RyR2 mRNA expression. PMID: 18979913
31. Our results indicate that the Ca2+ flux mediated by an open RYR2 channel in cells (approximately 0.5 pA) is too small to substantially regulate (activate or inhibit) the channel carrying it. PMID: 20008518
32. RyRs form clusters with a mean size of approximately 14 RyRs per cluster, which is almost an order of magnitude smaller than previously estimated. PMID: 20018773
33. surface RyR-2 not only gates Ca(2+) influx but also functions as a sensor for extracellular divalent cations PMID: 11934703
34. Data suggest that both kinase and phosphatase activities in the ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) complex are regulated physiologically in vivo, and that RyR2 protein kinase A hyperphosphorylation is likely a general feature of heart failure. PMID: 12401811
35. the dysfunction of RyR2 induced by diabetes may be due in part to formation of disulfide bonds between adjacent sulfhydryl groups and that these changes were attenuated with insulin treatment. PMID: 12606683
36. advanced glycation end products are formed on intracellular RyR2 during diabetes PMID: 12829653
37. This protein carries a structurally altered C terminus as compared with the NR2B variant prevalent in central nervous system. PMID: 15010472
38. Newborn rat heart contains fully functional RyRs and that the smaller contribution of RyR-mediated Ca2+ release to the intracellular Ca2+ transient is not due to different single RyR channel properties or to the absence of Ca2+ stores. PMID: 15626694
39. The role of RyR2 in the altered Ca2+ signaling in cardiomyocytes from diabetic animals when they were analyzed together with Ca2+ transients is reported. PMID: 16249429
40. Ser-2030, but not Ser-2808, is the major PKA phosphorylation site in RyR2 responding to PKA activation upon beta-adrenergic stimulation in both normal and failing hearts, and that RyR2 is not hyperphosphorylated by PKA in heart failure. PMID: 16483256
41. The regulation of the association between Ryr2 and snapin might constitute part of the elusive molecular mechanism by which ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) stores modulate neurosecretion. PMID: 16723744
42. CaMKIIdelta(C) negatively regulates RyR2 activity and spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release, thereby affording a negative feedback that stabilizes local and global Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release in the heart. PMID: 17234969
43. single injection of isoproterenol causes diffuse myocyte death through Ca2+ leakage secondary to the acutely dysfunctional RyR2 PMID: 17237229
44. CIH confers cardioprotection against I/R injury in rat cardiomyocytes by altered Ca(2+) handling with augmented RyR and NCX activities via protein kinase activation PMID: 17267548
45. Reduced RyR2 proteins is associated with myocardial infarction PMID: 17516033
46. A number of functional RyR2s are located in the middle of the sarcomere and in the zone of perinuclear mitochondria. RyR2s could contribute to excitation-contraction coupling, mitochondrial and nuclear signalling, and Ca2+-dependent gene regulation. PMID: 17627991
47. Hyperphosphorylation of RyR(2) at Ser(2808) occurred late-stage hypertensive heart failure. Spacing between RyR(2) clusters was shortened in failing hearts. PMID: 17630346
48. This study led to new observations that may have important implications for understanding the mechanisms involved in ion handling in the RyR channel pore. PMID: 18718444
49. The RyR was substantially phosphorylated in quiescent rat cardiomyocytes at S2808 and less so at S2814, but appeared to be unphosphorylated at S2030. PMID: 18755143
50. We propose that ischemia, by enhancing RyR2 S-glutathionylation, allows RyR2 to sustain CICR; the resulting amplification of Ca2+ entry signals may contribute to cortical neuronal death. PMID: 18799678

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KEGG: rno:689560

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000059019

UniGene: Rn.20442