The 26 kDa secreted antigen, also known as TES-26, is a significant component in the excretory-secretory products of various helminths. This antigen has been identified in parasites such as Toxocara, Fasciola hepatica, Schistosoma, and Clonorchis sinensis. In Toxocara, the 26 kDa antigen is deglycosylated, enhancing the specificity of serodiagnosis for human toxocariasis [1]. Similarly, in Fasciola hepatica, understanding the biochemical characteristics and localization of the 26-28 kDa coproantigen is crucial for developing improved immunodiagnostic assays [2]. Moreover, in Schistosoma, the 26 kDa antigen has been shown to induce a protective immune IgE response in rats [3]. In Clonorchis sinensis, the 26 kDa band is a major protein in the excretory-secretory antigen [4].
The 26 kDa antigen is part of a group of antigens with molecular masses ranging from 26 to 38 kDa that have been investigated for their immunodominant properties in various infections [5]. These antigens are crucial for the immune response and have been associated with specific antibody reactions in diseases caused by parasites like Toxoplasma gondii [6], Strongyloides stercoralis [7], and Taenia solium [8]. Additionally, the 26 kDa antigen has been implicated in sparganosis, where it is identified as chymase and its degradation products [9].
References:
[1] W. Roldán, G. Elefant, & A. Ferreira, "Deglycosylation of toxocara excretory–secretory antigens improves the specificity of the serodiagnosis for human toxocariasis", Parasite Immunology, vol. 37, no. 11, p. 557-567, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.12248
[2] S. Abdel-Rahman, O. Kl, & M. Jb, "Biochemical characterization and localization of fasciola hepatica 26‐28 kda diagnostic coproantigen", Parasite Immunology, vol. 21, no. 6, p. 279-286, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3024.1999.00191.x
[3] M. Damonneville, C. Auriault, T. Thorel, C. Verwaerde, A. Pierce, G. Streckeret al., "Induction of a protective immune ige response in rats by injection of defined antigens of schistosomulum-released products: immunochemical properties of the target antigens", International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, vol. 79, no. 3, p. 320-328, 1986. https://doi.org/10.1159/000233994
[4] M. Choi, J. Ryu, M. Lee, S. Li, B. Chung, J. Chaiet al., "Specific and common antigens of clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini (opisthorchidae, trematoda)", The Korean Journal of Parasitology, vol. 41, no. 3, p. 155, 2003. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.3.155
[5] P. Andersen, D. Askgaard, A. Gottschau, J. Bennedsen, S. Nagai, & I. Heron, "Identification of immunodominant antigens during infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis", Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, vol. 36, no. 6, p. 823-831, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb03144.x
[6] O. Emelia, Z. Mohamed, O. Sulaiman, M. Rohela, G. Saadatnia, Y. Chenet al., "An assay for selection of sera with circulatingtoxoplasma gondiiantigens", Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry, vol. 31, no. 1, p. 79-91, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1080/15321810903405134
[7] R. Rodpai, P. Intapan, T. Thanchomnang, O. Sanpool, P. Janwan, P. Laummaunwaiet al., "Strongyloides stercoralis diagnostic polypeptides for human strongyloidiasis and their proteomic analysis", Parasitology Research, vol. 115, no. 10, p. 4007-4012, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5170-7
[8] R. Rodríguez-Canul, J. Allan, C. Fletes, I. Sutisna, I. Kapti, & P. Craig, "Comparative evaluation of purified taenia solium glycoproteins and crude metacestode extracts by immunoblotting for the serodiagnosis of human t. solium cysticercosis", Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, vol. 4, no. 5, p. 579-582, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1128/cdli.4.5.579-582.1997
[9] Y. Chung, Y. Kong, H. Yang, & S. Cho, "Igg antibody responses in early experimental sparganosis and igg subclass responses in human sparganosis", The Korean Journal of Parasitology, vol. 38, no. 3, p. 145, 2000. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.3.145
