Product Details

Uniprot No.

Target Names

Alternative Names

EIF 2 alpha antibody; EIF 2 antibody; EIF 2A antibody; EIF 2alpha antibody; eIF-2-alpha antibody; eIF-2A antibody; EIF-2alpha antibody; EIF2 alpha antibody; EIF2 antibody; EIF2A antibody; EIF2S1 antibody; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 alpha 35kDa antibody; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 alpha antibody; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 antibody; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha antibody; IF2A_HUMAN antibody

Species Reactivity

Human

Immunogen

A synthesized peptide derived from Human Phospho-EIF2S1 (S51)

Immunogen Species

Homo sapiens (Human)

Conjugate

Non-conjugated

Clonality

Monoclonal

Isotype

Rabbit IgG

Clone No.

1C6

Purification Method

Affinity-chromatography

Concentration

It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.

Buffer

Rabbit IgG in 10mM phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM sodium chloride, 0.05% BSA, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.

Form

Liquid

Tested Applications

ELISA, WB, IHC, IF

Recommended Dilution

Application	Recommended Dilution
WB	1:500-1:5000
IHC	1:50-1:200
IF	1:20-1:200

Protocols

ELISA Protocol
Western Blotting(WB) Protocol
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocol
Immunofluorescence (IF) Protocol

Troubleshooting and FAQs

Antibody FAQs

Storage

Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.

Lead Time

Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.

Description

Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (EIF2S1) at serine 51 represents a critical regulatory checkpoint in cellular stress responses. This modification serves as a convergence point for the integrated stress response pathway, where kinases such as PERK, GCN2, PKR, and HRI phosphorylate this residue in response to diverse stressors including ER stress, amino acid deprivation, viral infection, and heme deficiency. The resulting attenuation of global protein synthesis, coupled with selective translation of stress-responsive mRNAs like ATF4, makes phospho-EIF2S1 (S51) an essential marker for investigating cellular adaptation mechanisms in contexts ranging from neurodegeneration to cancer biology.

This recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody (clone 1C6) offers the reproducibility and consistency that phospho-specific detection demands. Generated against a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to the human EIF2S1 sequence surrounding serine 51, the antibody's sequence-defined nature ensures reliable performance across experiments and eliminates the lot-to-lot variability that can complicate longitudinal studies of stress signaling.

Validation data demonstrates robust performance across multiple applications. Western blot analysis of HeLa whole cell lysates treated with Calyculin A or EGF reveals specific detection at the predicted 36 kDa molecular weight, confirming accurate target recognition. The antibody performs effectively in immunohistochemistry, with validated staining in paraffin-embedded human breast cancer and liver cancer tissues, enabling investigation of stress pathway activation in clinical specimens. Immunofluorescence studies in EGF-stimulated A549 cells further demonstrate utility for subcellular localization studies of this phosphorylation event.

For researchers investigating epigenetics, nuclear signaling, and stress response pathways, this antibody provides a dependable tool for monitoring this pivotal translational control mechanism across biochemical, histological, and cell-based experimental platforms.

Usage

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

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Target Background

Function

Functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA. This complex binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to form a 43S pre-initiation complex. Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF-2 and release of an eIF-2-GDP binary complex. In order for eIF-2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF-2 must exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyzed by eIF-2B. EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha is a key component of the integrated stress response (ISR), required for adaptation to various stress: phosphorylation by metabolic-stress sensing protein kinases (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2) in response to stress converts EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to an attenuation of cap-dependent translation, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activators ATF4 and QRICH1, and hence allowing ATF4- and QRICH1-mediated reprogramming.

Gene References into Functions

Our study revealed that p-eIF2alpha was upregulated in breast cancer and represented a novel predictor of prognosis in patients with triple-negative subtype. PMID: 28294178
hypusine-eIF5A-facilitated translation elongation promotes arsenite-induced polysome disassembly and stress granule assembly in cells subjected to adverse environmental conditions PMID: 20376341
analysis of the ER stress response in immunogenic cell death and the potential value of eIF2alpha phosphorylation as a biomarker for this clinically relevant variant of apoptosis [review] PMID: 25749194
The data highlight independent interactions of PP1 and eIF2alpha with GADD34, demonstrating that GADD34 functions as a scaffold both in vitro and in cells PMID: 26095357
These experiments connect embryonic stem cell growth factors to eIF2alpha phosphorylation. PMID: 26406898
We identified EIF2A phosphorylation as a novel early molecular event occurring in response to NAMPT inhibition and mediating protein synthesis arrest. PMID: 26542945
The results suggest that dephosphorylation of eIF2a by GADD34 plays an important role in doxorubicin resistance of MCF-7/ADR cells. PMID: 26743901
The Newcastle disease virus-induced translation shutoff at late infection times was attributed to sustaining phosphorylation of eIF2a, which is mediated by continual activation of PKR and degradation of PP1. PMID: 26869028
GHRH and GHRH-R loops are involved in placental choriocarcinoma cell line viability and apoptosis through Akt and eIF2a pathways. PMID: 26917260
These findings suggest that phosphorylated-eIF2alpha regulates synaptic actions of nicotine in both mice and humans, and that reduced phosphorylated-eIF2alpha may enhance susceptibility to nicotine (and other drugs of abuse) during adolescence. PMID: 26928076
This review consolidates current information regarding eIF2alpha phosphorylation in neurons and its impact in neurodegenerative diseases. PMID: 26994324
Increased phosphorylation of eIF2alpha in chronic myeloid leukemia cells stimulates secretion of matrix modifying enzymes. PMID: 27802179
Stress-resistant translation of c-Src mRNA is mediated by eIF2A. PMID: 27899592
Results mechanistically link multiple forms of dystonia and put forth a new overall cellular mechanism for dystonia pathogenesis, impairment of eIF2alpha signaling, a pathway known for its roles in cellular stress responses and synaptic plasticity. PMID: 27939583
Single amino acid substitution in LC-CDR1 induces Russell body phenotype that attenuates cellular protein synthesis through eIF2alpha phosphorylation and thereby downregulates IgG secretion despite operational secretory pathway traffic. PMID: 28379093
These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of IL24 in inhibition of translation, mediated through both phosphorylation of eIF2alpha and dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1, and provide the first direct evidence for translation control of gene-specific expression by IL24 PMID: 28461326
eukaryotic elongation factor 2 has a role in proliferation and invasion of lung squamous cell carcinoma PMID: 27542262
a novel, positive role for PKR activation and eIF2alpha phosphorylation in human globin mRNA splicing, is reported. PMID: 28374749
Data show that eIF2Balpha and eIF2Bbeta bind to adjacent surfaces on eIF2alpha-N-terminal domains (NTDs). PMID: 29036434
Data show that eIF5-mimic protein (5MP) represses non-AUG translation by competing with translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5) for the Met-tRNAi-binding factor eIF2. PMID: 28981728
These data indicate that PERK regulates radioresistance in oropharyngeal carcinoma through NF-kB activation-mediated phosphorylation of eIF2alpha PMID: 28418119
The stem-loop of noncoding RNA 886 is structural feature not only critical for inhibiting PKR autophosphorylation, but also the phosphorylation of its cellular substrate, EIF-2alpha. PMID: 28069888
overexpression of eIF5 and 5MP induces translation of ATF4. PMID: 27325740
Through pathway analysis it was suggested the involvement of eIF2 and mTOR in host cells upon Chlamydia trachomatis infection. PMID: 27134121
PERK-eIF2alpha-ATF4 signaling pathway mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress involved in osteoblast differentiation of periodontal ligament cells under cyclic mechanical force. PMID: 27079961
EnR stress assessed by expression of PERK and p-eIF2alpha was significantly associated with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in HER2-positive breast cancer. PMID: 27272779
we unravels a new miRs-based mechanism that helps maintain intracellular proteostasis and promote cell survival during ER stress through upregulation of miR-30b-5p and miR-30c-5p which target eIF2alpha and thereby inhibit the p-eIF2alpha/ATF4/CHOP pro-apoptotic pathway, identifying miR-30b-5p and miR-30c-5p as potentially new targets for anti-cancer therapies. PMID: 26898246
Our work suggests that OLA1 is a novel translational GTPase and plays a suppressive role in translation and cell survival, as well as cancer growth and progression. PMID: 26283179
a delay in eIF2-bound GTP hydrolysis should occur. In this work, we reconstructed this situation and found that such a delay leads to the redistribution of initiation complexes in favor to downstream AUG codons. PMID: 26717981
The reactive oxygen species-generating NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox4) is induced downstream of ATF4, binds to a PP1-targeting subunit GADD34 at the endoplasmic reticulum, and inhibits PP1 activity to increase eIF2alpha phosphorylation and ATF4 levels. PMID: 26742780
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection increased the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)2alpha and its kinase PKR. The activation of PKR during CSFV infection is beneficial to the virus. PMID: 25899421
eIF2alpha phosphorylation plays a role in hypoxia-induced translational attenuation PMID: 12370288
phosphorylation of eIF2alpha during early brain reperfusion is carried out by PERK, these findings suggest that there is prolonged activation of the unfolded protein response in the reperfused brain. PMID: 12687390
multiple domains in I-1 target cellular PP1 complexes, and I-1 has a role as a cellular regulator of eIF2alpha phosphorylation PMID: 15345721
Tyrosine phosphorylation acts as a molecular switch to full-scale activation of the eIF2alpha RNA-dependent protein kinase. PMID: 16373505
Our results demonstrate that Ebp1 is a new dsRNA-binding protein that acts as a cellular inhibitor of eIF2alpha phosphorylation suggesting that it could be involved in protein translation control PMID: 16631606
Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 mediates apoptosis PMID: 16717090
We propose that SG modeling can occur via both eIF2alpha phosphorylation-dependent and -independent pathways that target translation initiation. PMID: 16870703
functional eIF2alpha played an essential role in PS-341-induced Noxa expression PMID: 16928686
stress-induced phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha is directly coupled to mitochondrial apoptosis regulation via translational repression of MCL-1 PMID: 17553788
the induction of the PKR/eIF2alpha cellular response may be a previously unrecognized general feature of at least the Dependovirus genus of the Parvovirinae PMID: 17715234
PKR and PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase induce the proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin D1 via a mechanism requiring eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha phosphorylation PMID: 18063576
ATF4 contributes to basal ATF5 transcription, and eIF2 kinases direct the translational expression of multiple transcription regulators by a mechanism involving delayed translation reinitiation PMID: 18195013
MEK functions to enhance GCN2-dependent eIF2alpha phosphorylation rather than suppressing dephosphorylation PMID: 18287093
Proteasomal but not lysosomal inhibitors enhanced GADD34 stability and eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha (eIF-2alpha) dephosphorylation, a finding consistent with GADD34's role in assembling an eIF-2alpha phosphatase PMID: 18794359
GADD34 translation is regulated by a unique 5'UTR uORF mechanism to ensure proper GADD34 expression during eIF2alpha phosphorylation PMID: 19131336
Strategies that maintain eIF2alpha in a hyperphosphorylated state may be a novel therapeutic approach to maximize bortezomib-induced apoptosis and reduce residual disease and recurrences in multiple myeloma. PMID: 19190324
Unlike other DNA damage response-inducing agents, RITA treatment of cells induced a p53-dependent increase in phosphorylation of the eif2 alpha, requiring PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase activity, and led to the downregulation of HIF-1alpha PMID: 19223463
UV-induced eIF2alpha phosphorylation by activation of both PERK and GCN2 via oxidative stress and l-arginine starvation signaling pathways. PMID: 19586904
PKR is activated in adenovirus-infected cells with multiple layers of regulation imposed on eIF2alpha phosphorylation by the E1B-55K/E4orf6 complex, which also regulates viral late protein synthesis PMID: 19605483

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Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm, Stress granule.

Protein Families

EIF-2-alpha family

Database Links

HGNC: 3265

OMIM: 603907

KEGG: hsa:1965

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000256383

UniGene: Hs.151777

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Code	CSB-RA007523A51phHU
Size	US$210
	Order now
Image	Western Blot Positive WB detected in Hela whole cell lysate(treated with Calyculin A or EGF) All lanes Phospho-EIF2S1 antibody at 1.48μg/ml Secondary Goat polyclonal to rabbit IgG at 1/50000 dilution Predicted band size: 36 KDa Observed band size: 36 KDa IHC image of CSB-RA007523A51phHU diluted at 1:100 and staining in paraffin-embedded human breast cancer performed on a Leica BondTM system. After dewaxing and hydration, antigen retrieval was mediated by high pressure in a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Section was blocked with 10% normal goat serum 30min at RT. Then primary antibody (1% BSA) was incubated at 4℃ overnight. The primary is detected by a biotinylated secondary antibody and visualized using an HRP conjugated SP system. IHC image of CSB-RA007523A51phHU diluted at 1:100 and staining in paraffin-embedded human liver cancer performed on a Leica BondTM system. After dewaxing and hydration, antigen retrieval was mediated by high pressure in a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Section was blocked with 10% normal goat serum 30min at RT. Then primary antibody (1% BSA) was incubated at 4℃ overnight. The primary is detected by a biotinylated secondary antibody and visualized using an HRP conjugated SP system. Immunofluorescence staining of A549 cells(treated with 100ng/ml EGF for 20min) with CSB-RA007523A51phHU at 1:100,counter-stained with DAPI. The cells were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, permeabilized using 0.2% Triton X-100 and blocked in 10% normal Goat Serum. The cells were then incubated with the antibody overnight at 4℃. The secondary antibody was Alexa Fluor 488-congugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L).
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Phospho-EIF2S1 (S51) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody

Product Details

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Target Background